SOVIET VOROSHILOV ACADEMY LECTURES
DIVISION OPERATIONS

making decisions;

assigning missions;

organizing interaction and combat support;

continuously controlling the forces in combat;

monitoring the accomplishment of assigned missions;

helping the troops to achieve the assigned objectives.

formulating the commander's decision;

preparing (working out) documents on troop control;

timely reporting of the situation in reports to higher headquarters;

informing subordinates and cooperating elements, chiefs of combat arms and services, and adjacent elements of all changes in the situation;

guiding the topographic service and providing the subordinates with topographic maps, plans, overlays, diagrams, photographic maps, etc.;

organizing secrecy of troop control;

controlling security measures in the operation of subordinate staffs;

insuring the safekeeping of state and military secrets;

calculating casualties and spoils of war.

planning the combat operation;

training;

combat reports;

organizing of control points.

reconnaissance planning and processing of information;

reconnaissance training;

liaison.

control and guide the units of combat arms and services;

plan and organize their combat employment;

convey the assigned missions to the troops;

along with the staff, control their execution.

the command post of the division;

division's forward command post;

division's rear control point;

in defense -- the alternate command post (in the attack -- alternate command posts are designated, but not occupied).

division's commander and chief of staff;

division's deputy commander for political affairs;

division's staff (without personnel section);

chief of artillery and his staff;

chief of air defense and his staff;

air force combat control group;

chief of engineer and his staff;

chief of chemical troops and his staff;

deputy division commander for technical affairs;

commanders and staff of attached and supporting units;

support subunit.

division commander;

chief of operations section;

reconnaissance section's officer;

artillery officer;

signal officer;

air defense officer;

support personnel.

deputy division commander;

assistant chief of operations section;

reconnaissance officer;

assistant signal chief;

artillery staff officer;

assistant to chemical troops officer;

support personnel.

deputy division commander for rear service;

rear service staff sections;

rear services;

technical service section;

finance section;

personnel section;

representatives of division's staff;

signal elements;

support elements.

division commander's decision;

instructions of the chief of staff to the chief of signals;

instructions on signal communication received from the higher command (army).

command;

interaction;

rear service;

warning (air attack and mass-destruction weapons).

from combined arms units to artillery: by equipment of artillery units;

from ground forces units to air force: through the representatives of aviation units (formations) who are present with their own communication means at the interacting supported formation's control point;

from ground forces units with naval units and ships: by equipments of each interacting formation or through naval representatives at the ground forces control point;

from motorized rifle units with tanks: by radio - with equipment from each interacting unit; land line communication - with equipment of motorized rifle units; by mobile communication means - with equipment of tank units;

among adjacent units: by land line and mobile communication means - from right flank to left; by radio - by each of the interacting units; radio relay - through higher command and equipment of each interacting formation.

to participate in the development of the combat and political training plan and the division mobilization plan;

to conduct lessons with officers and exercises and tests for the division's units and subunits;

to maintain an awareness of the work and political and moral qualities of the officers and warrant officers of the units and subunits;

to direct physical training and sports in the division;

to inspect the organization and status of combat training in the division's units and sub-units, to correct revealed shortcomings, and to render assistance to the unit commanders in organizing and conducting lessons;

to inspect compliance with safety measures during the conduct of lessons, firing practices, and exercises;

to direct the efforts to develop and improve material training base facilities;

to make sure that the combat training of the division's units and subunits is promptly supported with material and with training and visual aids, and to monitor their accounting and maintenance;

to manage the selection of candidates for acceptance in military service as warrant officers as well as extended-service sergeants, and the selection of candidates for military training institutions;

to direct the division's efficiency work and invention efforts;

to inspect preparation of the daily detail and its work, and compliance with internal order in the division and its units.

to participate in the development of the combat and political training plan and the division's mobilization plan;

to organize and conduct political work, guiding it in such a way that it would unify the personnel about the Communist Party and Soviet government; promote successful fulfillment of combat and political training missions; maintain the division's constant combat readiness; fulfill combat missions; and reinforce one-man command, military discipline, and the political morale of the personnel;

to conduct an effort to indoctrinate division personnel in the spirit of boundless devotion to the Soviet motherland, the Communist Party and the Soviet government, the friendship of the peoples of the USSR, proletarian internationalism, combat unity with the armed forces of fraternal socialist countries, intolerance of bourgeois ideology, unswerving compliance with the USSR Constitution and Soviet laws, faultless fulfillment of the requirements of the military oath, the military regulations and orders, and the norms of communist morality, conscious obedience to commanders (chiefs) and respect for them; to take steps to unify the military collectives, and to indoctrinate the personnel in the spirit of friendship and troop comradeship, combat traditions, love for one's unit and faithfulness to his unit's colors as a symbol of military honor, valor, and glory; to organize extensive propaganda of acts of heroism and of the courageous and noble deeds of the division's personnel;

to explain to servicemen the leading and guiding role of the Communist Party, its decisions, its domestic and foreign policy, the military political situation, and the consequent missions of division personnel, and to propagandize the successes of the Soviet people in the construction of communism;

to instill in the personnel an awareness of the need for high political alertness, faultless fulfillment of military duty, and strict maintenance of political work aimed at fulfilling the tasks of guard duty and internal (duty and watch) services;

to instill in the servicemen a class hatred of the enemies of the motherland and a constant preparedness to defend the state interests of the USSR in all conditions and at any price;

to instill in the servicemen a feeling of personal responsibility for assimilation of armament and of combat and other equipment, for its maintenance in constant combat readiness, and for preservation of military and public property;

to organize and conduct mass political and legal propaganda and agitation, political lessons and briefings and cultural-educational work among the personnel and the families of servicemen, making extensive use of publications, motion pictures, television, radio, and other technical propaganda resources for these purposes;

to organize the ideological, theoretical, and teacher training of the leaders of political lesson groups and their assistants, and the selection, placement, indoctrination, and education of active propagandists in the units and subunits;

to manage the political indoctrination of officers and to shape their work, political, and moral qualities; to personally conduct the indoctrination of officers and to manage their Marxist-Leninist training; to participate in the selection, placement, and certification of officers and in the selection of candidates for military training institutions; to teach officers the practical techniques of political indoctrination;

to organize the work of the division club and library, and to insure maintenance of a high ideological level in the measures they carry out and inclusion of a maximum number of personnel in these measures;

to implement measures associated with organizing socialist competition in the division and propagandizing the best experience in personnel training and indoctrination; to develop the initiative and activity of party and Komsomol organizations in this work;

to display concern for the health and diet of the personnel and for improving their material and personal conditions, to know their needs, and to show concern for satisfying them;

to establish and constantly maintain communication with local party and Soviet organs, and to render assistance to them in the conduct of military-patriotic work among the public, especially the young;

to organize proper use, maintenance, replenishment, and repair of technical propaganda resources and political eduction aids;

to report promptly to the division commander and the army's chief of political affairs, on the political morale of the personnel, on political measures that have been carried out and on the status of political indoctrination and military discipline.

situation, status, and character of friendly and enemy forces' actions;

deductions from his estimate of the situation and his recommendations on making the best decision;

necessary measures on organization of troop control, interaction, and combat support of the actions of friendly troops.

during peacetime organize, plan, and conduct control of all measures for achieving a high level of combat readiness for the division and subordinate units, and staffs;

organize, plan, and inspect operational and combat training of troops and staffs;

prepare warning instructions, orders, and calendar plans;

organize and plan the re-deployment of the division staff and the distribution of staff personnel to the various command posts; organizes the daily schedules and duty rosters; sometimes he personally writes the operation orders and prepares other important documents;

prepare tactical calculations required by the commander in the decision making process;

supervise collection, study, and analysis of situation information and send it to others in the division headquarters and to superior, adjacent, and subordinate headquarters (the division information center is subordinate to the chief of operations);

observe and inspect the situation, conditions, manning levels, and combat capabilities of own forces and provide suggestions to the division commander and chief of staff on their optimum employment;

sign, issue, and transmit combat missions, operational orders, combat instructions, and other orders to subordinate units and sub-units;

insure timely preparation and dispatch of information about the situation and regular situation reports to higher headquarters, subordinate unit staffs, the combat and combat support arms and services, the headquarters of coordinating elements, and adjacents;

organize and maintain continuous interaction and prepare documents on coordination, such as the plan and table for interaction;

plan the organization and deployment of command posts and their relocation during the course of the operation;

plan (with the chief of signal troops) the organization of signal communications and designation of the troop control signals;

prepare the combat documents on troop control.

direct combat operations;

collect and process information on friendly and enemy forces;

coordinate the exchange of information up and down;

organize reconnaissance including the commander's reconnaissance;

prepare combat plans;

plan the details of the battle;

traffic control;

camouflage;

antitank, chemical, and other operations;

plan the defense of the headquarters;

coordinate the activities of the arms and services;

select the location of the control points.

Organize, plan, conduct, and inspect measures for maintenance of a high level of combat readiness of reconnaissance forces.

Organize, plan, conduct, and inspect special preparation (training in reconnaissance), operational preparation, and political training, of reconnaissance staffs, division reconnaissance units, and reconnaissance elements of subordinate units.

Prepare calculations on personnel manning, weapons, military equipment, and capabilities of reconnaissance forces and means to perform their missions.

Collect, study, analyze, and derive deductions of reconnaissance information about the enemy and terrain and present the important information to the commander, chief of staff, and chiefs of arms, services, and combat support. In this he is especially interested in the enemy concept of operations and possible intentions as well as enemy capabilities. He insures the timely transmission of information on the enemy to the higher staff, adjacent units, and subordinates.

Derive the aims and tasks of reconnaissance and the allocation of required troops and reconnaissance means to accomplish these from the instructions given by the commander and chief of staff. He designates targets and missions for the reconnaissance forces and means to fulfill the assigned missions.

Prepare the reconnaissance plan and issue missions to the reconnaissance section staff in response to the decision and orders of the commander and chief of staff. The reconnaissance plan is signed by the chief of staff and approved by the commander.

Distribute reconnaissance forces and means of all types and coordinate all efforts of different reconnaissance means in terms of targets, times, and their missions and objectives.

Issue instructions and tasks to division reconnaissance units and instructions on reconnaissance to the staffs of subordinate units.

Prepare reconnaissance units and subunits to fulfill their missions.

Insure all-around combat support for reconnaissance forces.

Inspect the execution of assigned instructions and orders given to subordinates and chiefs of reconnaissance of subordinate units and provide practical assistance to staffs and commanders of units and sub-units to accomplish reconnaissance missions.

Organize troop control including continuous, reliable, and secret communications with units and subunits (groups) assigned to combat reconnaissance and also with the chiefs of reconnaissance in headquarters of subordinate units.

Insure reception of reconnaissance reports from aircraft and space means and other organs of higher headquarters as well as adjacents and subordinate forces.

Organize plan, conduct, and inspect actions about the protection of reconnaissance units, subunits, and groups against mass-destruction weapons.

obtain and study information on the enemy, terrain, population, and weather;

organize the means to obtain this intelligence;

prepare periodic reports;

organize coded signals between reconnaissance units and staffs at each echelon;

supply reconnaissance information to other staff and units;

organize the staff work of subordinate staffs;

study enemy tactics and equipment and keep a record of enemy combat strength.

Organize, plan, conduct, and inspect measures for achieving higher levels of combat and operational preparation of the division artillery forces.

Organize, plan, conduct, and inspect special operational, combat, and political training of the forces and staff of the rocket troops and artillery of the division and of subordinate units.

Prepare combat calculations on the employment of artillery during the commander's decision making process. He suggests combat employment of rocket troops and artillery.

Know the manning level, situation, conditions, and combat capability of the units and subunits of rockets and artillery. He reports on the situation and combat use of these units during the decision process.

In response to the division commander's decision and the instructions from higher staff on artillery, organize the actions and plan the combat use and activities of the RT&A.

Issues combat missions and combat instructions to the RT&A troops of the division and to the RT&A staffs of the subordinate units.

Organize and plan the grouping of the artillery forces and their preparation of FUP areas. He also insures preparation of firing positions for rockets and artillery units with the objective of providing cover and concealment for the artillery, while they are providing artillery cover and support for the forces on the main attack axis.

Insure preparation of rocket troops and artillery for accomplishment of their assigned missions.

Plan and conduct all-around combat support measures in the interest of RT&A.

Provide constant support and assistance for the division forces with various kinds of ammunition, artillery supplies, weapons, and rockets. He creates supply dumps for artillery combat supplies filled to the designated norms at all levels and then insures transport of ammunition and artillery supplies to the forces during the operation.

Organize interaction of rocket troops and artillery with other division elements and the forces of the army operating in the division area during the conduct of the battle, especially in accomplishment of the most important missions.

Constantly inspect the accomplishment of orders and instructions by subordinate forces.

Renders necessary assistance to division RT&A forces and to subordinate formations and units.

organize, plan, conduct, and inspect the high combat readiness of the PVO forces with the aim of covering the division forces and rear service targets from enemy air strikes;

organize, plan, conduct, and inspect the special, operational, combat, and political training of the air defense forces and staffs and of PVO units and subunits of the subordinate units;

prepare calculations and recommendations on the combat employment of air defense forces during the commander's decision making and during the forthcoming combat;

know the situation, status, manning level, and combat capabilities of the units of air defense at any time and stage of the battle and give his suggestions on their combat employment to the division commander;

in accordance with the division commander's decision organize the combat actions of the air defense forces and prepare the plan of their combat actions during the battle;

issue combat decisions and instructions to division air defense forces and to the staffs of the subordinate units;

accomplish the regrouping of the air defense forces, prepare them for the battle, maintain their constant combat readiness for repelling the enemy's air strikes, create the system of air defense reconnaissance, and establish a reliable fire system of air defense;

organize uninterrupted technical preparation of the guided rockets (rockets) of air defense before and during the course of the battle;

organize all-around combat support measures of the PVO forces during the preparation and during the course of the battle;

organizes interaction between units and sub-units of air defense of the division and fighter aviation of the front and the PVO means of the army and PVO of the front and adjacents;

organize and control the establishing of the air defense center for combat control - reconnaissance and notification - the center for signal communications and organization of reliable and constant communications;

perform reliable and constant inspection of the execution of instructions and directives that have been issued to the forces and provide necessary assistance to subordinate air defense units and their staffs.

organize, plan, conduct, and inspect high combat readiness and operational preparedness of the engineer forces of the division and the engineer sub-units of the units and their staffs for fulfilling support of the forces of the division during battle;

organize, plan, conduct, and inspect the special, operational, combat, and political training of the engineer forces of the division and of the units and their staffs;

prepare combat calculations in support of the commander's decision and for the combat employment of the engineer forces;

know the situation, composition, combat capability, and manning level of the units and sub-units of engineer forces;

prepare and give his recommendations on the combat employment of engineer forces to the division commander, during the commander's decision making process;

in accordance with the division commander's decision and orders and the instructions received from the senior headquarters staff, organize the combat employment and the planning for the engineer forces;

conducts the grouping and deployment of the engineer forces during the preparation phase and according to mission during the conduct of the battle;

prepare, issue, and transmit combat orders (missions) to the division engineer forces and instructions on the use of engineers to the staffs of subordinate units;

organize and conduct engineer reconnaissance of the enemy and terrain during the preparation phase and during the course of the battle and organize the interaction of engineer reconnaissance with general reconnaissance;
provide engineer support for preparation of FUP areas for the first-echelon units and for the covering forces on the border and of deployment areas for the second-echelon units and reserves;

prepare positions for the rocket troops and artillery and the PVO forces;

take engineer measures on blocking enemy surprise attacks during the preparation phase and during the course of the battle;

prepare movement routes for the relocation and maneuver of the second-echelon, rocket troops, PVO forces, and command posts;

prepare engineer construction (fortification) of deployment areas, and division command posts during the preparation phase and during the course of the battle;

in accordance with the division plan participate in the planning for tactical maskirovka and in taking measures to accomplish it;

participate in planning and support for the defense of forces and rear service installations against enemy use of mass-destruction weapons and in the liquidation of the results of their use and the restoration of the combat capability (effectiveness) of the forces, rear services, and staffs, during the preparation phase and course of the battle.

provide engineer support for the movement and deployment of division forces in the enemy covering force area, support for the breaching of enemy obstacles and mine fields during breakthrough of his prepared defenses, and support for the development of the attack of first-echelon units;

provide engineer support for division forces during the forcing of water obstacles;

provide engineer support for the movement and commitment into the engagement of the division second-echelon forces;

prepare engineer forces for the fulfillment of all combat missions;

plan and conduct all-around combat support for the engineer forces;

provide support of division forces during the preparation phase and the course of the battle by engineer forces and means, weapons, and technical equipment and establish the proper reserves of engineer materials up to the prescribed norms;

organize interaction of engineer forces with other forces and elements of the division during the fulfillment of the most important missions;

organize troop control and create reliable and constant signal communications with the engineer forces and other interaction;

conduct constant, reliable inspection elements of the combat formation of the division with whom they have organized of the fulfillment of all orders and instructions that are sent to subordinates and render them assistance to fulfill their missions.

organize, plan, conduct, and inspect the high combat readiness and operational preparedness of the chemical forces of the division and the chemical sub-units of the units and their staffs for fulfilling support of the forces of the division for battle;

organize, plan, conduct, and inspect the special, operational, combat, and political training of the chemical forces of the division and of the units and their staffs;

prepare combat calculations in support of the commander's decision and for the combat employment of the chemical forces;

know the situation, composition, combat capability, and manning level of the units, and sub-units of chemical forces;

prepare and give his recommendations on the combat employment of chemical forces to the division commander, during the commander's decision making process;

in accordance with the division commander's decision and orders and the instructions received from the senior headquarters staff, organize the combat employment and the planning for the chemical forces;

conduct the grouping and deployment of the chemical troops during the preparation phase and, according to the mission, during the conduct of the battle;

prepare, issue, and transmit combat orders (missions) to the division chemical forces and instructions on chemical support to the staffs of subordinate units;

organize and conduct radiation and chemical reconnaissance and participate in bacteriological reconnaissance during the preparation phase and during the course of the battle and organize the interaction of chemical reconnaissance with general reconnaissance;

prepare the area for deployment of the division chemical forces with engineer construction (fortification) and insure their cover and maskirovka;

prepare his forces for the fulfillment of combat missions;

organize and conduct special and field cleaning of personnel (decontamination);

organize and conduct disinfection, and decontamination of weapons, equipment, material means, locations, roads, and other items as required;

monitor the level of radioactive and chemical contamination of personnel and combat equipment, weapons, locations, supplies, and installations;

inspect for changes in the level of contamination and conduct analysis of the radiation and chemical situation.

control the preparation and employment of chemical weapons, bacteriological weapons, smoke means, and fire weapons;

participate in interaction with the operations section, engineer section, and other responsible chiefs of arms and services and the rear staff in organizing and planning for the protection of division forces and rear installations against the enemy use of mass-destruction weapons and plan for the restoration of combat effectiveness and liquidation of the results of such enemy employment of mass weapons;

plan for the all-around combat support of chemical forces;

provide constant support for chemical forces and for units of all arms and services and special services and rear installations of the division with various chemical weapons, supplies, chemical protective gear, ammunition, and chemical technical means;

establish chemical supply depots to the required stockage norms;

organize interaction with other arms and services of the division combat structure during the fulfillment of the most important division missions;

organize troop control and establish constant, reliable signal communications with subordinate chemical units and other elements of the division tactical order with whom the chemical forces interact;

monitor the fulfillment of orders and instructions issued to subordinate forces and renders assistance.

organize, plan, conduct, and inspect high combat readiness and operational preparedness of the signal forces of the division and the signal sub-units of the units and their staffs for fulfilling support of the forces of the division for battle;

organize, plan, conduct, and inspect the special, operational, combat, and political training of the signal forces of the division and of the units and their staffs;

prepare combat calculations in support of the commander's decision and for the combat employment of the signal troops;

know the situation, composition, combat capability, and manning level of the units, and sub-units of signal forces;

prepare and give his recommendations on the combat employment of signal forces for the creation of reliable and constant communications to the division commander;

in accordance with the division commander's decision and orders of the chief of staff and the instructions received from the senior headquarters staff, organize the combat employment and the planning for the signal forces;
organize timely, reliable, uninterrupted, and secret communications with forces, staffs, control organs, and subordinate staffs and adjacents;
plan signal communications in peacetime and during the preparation phase and course of the battle;

conduct the grouping and deployment of the signal forces during the preparation phase and according to mission during the conduct of the battle;

prepare, issue, and transmit combat orders (missions) to the division signal forces and instructions on signal matters to the staffs of subordinate units;

prepare his forces for the fulfillment of combat missions in providing reliable and uninterrupted signal communications during the preparation phase and the course of the battle;

send in a timely manner the signals and commands for raising the forces to various higher levels of combat readiness;

send the warning signals (alerts) on the enemy's preparations to employ nuclear strikes;

send the signal ordering the rocket troops to fire their nuclear strike;

provide support with reliable and uninterrupted signal communications for the commander, chief of staff, and troop control organs with the commanders and staffs of subordinate forces starting from the first combat alert signal to the fulfillment of the subsequent mission (i.e. all the time).

provide signal support for interaction with division forces and units of all arms and services, elements of the division combat order, second-echelons, reserves, and interacting forces of the army which are operating in the division area and with adjacents;

provide support by sending warning signals, data, and commands on the air situation, radiological, chemical, and bacteriological contamination, and meteorological situation in a timely manner;

provide signal support to the rear services with communications between rear service units and installations and the rear of subordinate units;

provide reliable and uninterrupted signal support establish the main and alternate signal centers and organize radio, radio-relay, and telephone nets and directions;

provide mobile signal (courier) service on directions and circular routes between the command posts and other points;

plan and conduct all-around combat support of the signal forces themselves;

organize and conduct replenishment and supply of signal means and their timely repair;

monitor fulfillment of orders and instructions sent to subordinates and their constant control in observation of secrecy of troop control;

offer assistance to subordinates.

participate in the development of the combat and political training plan and the division mobilization plan, and organize their fulfillment within his specialty;

direct the combat and political training of the units and subunits subordinated to him and the technical training of all personnel in the division, to conduct lessons with the division officers and warrant officers with the purpose of studying armament, combat and other equipment, instruments, rockets and ammunition, and the rules of their use;

organize use of armament and of combat and other equipment; draw up the plans of scheduled repairs and technical maintenance, repair and evacuation of armament, combat, armored, motor vehicle and other equipment and instruments; insure its prompt and high-quality fulfillment in the units and sub-units, insuring constant technical serviceability of the material; inspect armament, armored and motor vehicles, and other combat equipment not less than once every three months;

systematically test the personnel's knowledge of the rules of operating, repairing, servicing, evacuating, and preserving armament, armored and motor vehicle equipment, combat and other equipment and instruments;

maintain an awareness of the work, political, and moral qualities of officers, warrant officers and sergeants in units and services immediately subordinated to him;

manage the work of setting up motor pools, the tank practice range and the motor vehicle driving range; implement measures for servicing, preserving, and improving the technical training base; organize and monitor the conduct of internal services in the motor pools;

implement measures for raising the class qualification of division officers, warrant officers, and driver-mechanics;

monitor the correctness of the use of fuel, lubricants, and special fluids;

develop and implement measures for preventing disasters, accidents, breakdowns, and other incidents with armament, armored and motor vehicle, combat, and other equipment, and reveal and study their causes; implement measures for insuring safety when preparing and operating armament and combat and other equipment, and implement fire protection measures.

organize, plan, conduct and inspect high combat readiness and mobilization preparedness of the units and institutions of the rear services for fulfilling support of the forces of the division for combat actions;

organize, plan, conduct, and inspect the special, operational, combat, and political training of the rear services staffs, units, and installations;

prepare recommendations on rear services support during the commander's decision making process;

prepare and conduct calculations for accomplishment of rear service support for the battle;

organize, make the decision, and plan rear service support;

prepare the operational order on rear services and instructions on rear service and insure their timely issue to the units and installations of the rear services and the staffs of subordinate units;

support division forces with all types of material supplies and creates supply dumps of materials filled to the approved norms at all levels of preparation and combat;

provide uninterrupted transport of supplies to the combat forces;

prepare lines of communication for supply, evacuation, and support of the reliable movement of transport on these roads and organize the commandant's service on the designated division roads;

render assistance to wounded and sick, their evacuation from the battlefield, their medical treatment in the division medical battalion, and their evacuation to the hospital bases and provide antiepidemic and sanitary measures with the aim of limiting the spread of epidemics in the forces;

organize security, protection, and defense of division rear area depots and installations as well as the complete operational activity in the rear area of the division so that all will be in order;

organize veterinary support and quartering service and also exploitation of local supplies and captured materials;

conduct maneuver and movement of the division mobile material support battalion, supplies of materials, transport means, units, and installations of the division rear, units for evacuation and repair, medical units, and others in a timely manner in accordance with the movement (advance) of the division;

organize establishment of the rear control post and its high quality operation, movement, defense, security, and protection in the FUP area and during the operation;

establish reliable communications with units and installations of the rear service and rear control posts of the subordinate units;

insure timely preparation and issuing of periodic reports on rear service status and activities and data on the situation to higher headquarters;

monitor the fulfillment of issued directives and instructions on rear services and render required assistance to subordinate units and sub-units.

collecting an processing information on the situation;

making and formulating the decision of the division commander and planning combat actions;

conveying the combat missions to subordinates;

organizing interaction (coordination);

organizing all types of combat support measures;

monitoring combat preparation and conduct and fulfillment of assigned missions.

composition, grouping, combat capability, and character of enemy actions;

status, condition, situation, supply level, and nature of activities of friendly troops;

position and character of actions of adjacent units;

epidemiological and hygienic conditions of the area of combat actions;

terrain and meteorological conditions in the area of combat actions;

economic conditions of the area of combat action and the social and political make-up of the population and its frame of mind.

nuclear and chemical weapons;

elements of high precision weapons systems;

actions of aviation and other highly mobile attack weapons possessed by the enemy;

radio active and chemical contamination of the terrain.

all types of reconnaissance;

commanders and staff of subordinate and interacting troops;

adjacent units and large units;

superior headquarters;

chiefs of arms and services;

other sources.

listening carefully to reports and studying situation reports from subordinates;

listening carefully to reports from the chiefs of arms and services;

studying information acquired from superior headquarters and adjacents;

personal observation by the commander and his staff on the battlefield;

interrogation of prisoners, defectors, and inhabitants and studying documents captured from the enemy.

information on enemy preparation for attack; and areas where enemy's nuclear and chemical weapons, and his high precision weapons, air force, and other highly mobile attack means are deployed;

appearance of the enemy in places where he had not been previously seen;

drastic changes in the status and character of action of friendly troops;

decisions taken in the course of combat actions by the commanders of subordinate units on their own initiative;

cases of a rupture in coordination and communication with the troops, deadlines for resupply;

radical changes in the situation in the area of operation of adjacent units.

preparedness and work experience;

situation conditions and especially availability of time for making the decision and newness of situation data;

composition of persons (staff) called upon for preparation of data, analysis, and evaluation of possible versions of the decision;

distributing functions among staff in the process of preparing the decision data and the order of their working;

composition of equipment involved and the methods of using them for analyzing and assessing the situation, working up and evaluating possible variations of the concept of the battle and the decision in general;

procedure for formulating the decision and disseminating it to those who will execute it.

get a clear understanding of the aim and missions of the battle;

do a comprehensive and objective assessment of the situation;

have a creative approach toward formulating the concept of the battle, defining the missions of the troops, the fundamentals of their interaction, and support and control.

preparation of initial data (commander and staff);

formulation of the decision (commander).

clarifying the mission;

estimating the situation;

evaluating terrain on the ground (if time permits);

determining the possible variations of the decision and their evaluation;

formulating the decision.

the intention and concept of the operation of the army commander: what he wishes to achieve in the operation and how his intentions will be implemented;

in what way the division by its own actions has an influence on whether or not the aim of the operation is attained;

role and place of the division in the mission carried out by the army;

missions of adjacent and interacting units and large units and the method of interaction with them.

time the mission is received;

period spent in preparing troops for combat action;

time when the decision of the division commander is to be reported to the senior commander.

estimate of the situation (including the time to listen to the reports of the staff and chiefs of arms and services when necessary);

conduct of ground reconnaissance (evaluation);

time to formulate the decision;

time to assign missions to subordinates;

time for organizing interaction (coordination);

time to issue instructions on combat support measures;

monitoring the preparation of the troops.

volume, deadlines, and methods for obtaining situation data from various sources;

those responsible for collecting each type of information and the procedure for its processing, analysis, and display at operating positions;

when, who, and in what form, reports on situation data with conclusions and suggestions to the commander.

enemy;

own troops;

adjacent forces;

the area of combat action and the time:

- terrain;

- economic factors;

- socio-political conditions;

- population;

- climate;

- etc.

enemy's composition, grouping, and combat formation;

status, conditions, combat readiness, and fighting capabilities of the enemy, and supply situation;

enemy's capability to use nuclear and chemical weapons and high precision weapons;

the degree of protection and stability of enemy troops and installations against the use of various weapons;

nature of enemy activities;

other information about the enemy.

enemy strong and weak points;

density of enemy forces and means per kilometer of front across the entire area of the division's combat action and on different directions;

possible intention of the enemy and his likely actions;

most important targets in the enemy's area the seizure (hitting) of which will determine the success of the battle;

sequence and method for destroying the enemy.

motorized rifle battalions;

artillery pieces and mortars;

tanks;

infantry fighting vehicles and APCs;

antitank weapons;

combat helicopters;

air defense means.

the method of employment of own troops in the battle;

the place of different elements in the division's combat formation;

combat missions (contents) of units and subunits;

distribution of forces and means;

main questions of regroupment, interaction, and combat supporting measures.

general relief of the terrain;

level of terrain ruggedness;

condition of the ground;

availability and condition of roads;

nature of vegetation, cover, and concealment;

presence of population centers, rivers, natural obstacles, and other local features.

most advantageous directions to conduct combat actions and for using the capabilities of friendly troops;

conditions for observing and delivering fire, for maskirovka, for terrain orientation and passability;

protective properties of the terrain;

based upon the assessment of the terrain, along with the deduction from the assessment of enemy and friendly troops, the division commander specifies the direction of the main attack or the area of concentration of the main effort, the lines most favorable for deploying the troops, combat missions of the troops, commitment of second-echelon and reserves, interaction, and measures for supporting combat actions.

radiation and chemical situation;

economic conditions;

socio-political conditions;

hydrometeorological and climatic (weather) conditions, time of day, and the year;

radio-electronic warfare conditions.

assessing the situation according to its elements;

assessing the situation according to the elements of the decision.

the enemy;

own troops;

adjacents;

terrain;

the area of combat action (radiation and chemical condition, economic, political, meteorological situation, etc.).

concept of the battle;

missions of the troops;

organizing interaction;

combat support measures;

troop control.

the main enemy targets which must be hit and the sequence of their destruction;

the direction of the main attack;

the combat formation;

other issues.

number of points to visit, composition of the team at each point, time spent at each point, questions to study, people to meet at each point, and travel routes between points;

time to begin, time to move from one point to another, and time to finish;

vehicles used and equipment of team members;

security at each point;

communication during the process;

other necessary issues.

missions conducted by the higher echelon's means in their related fields during the division's battle and tasks assigned by the higher echelon to division in their related fields (artillery, engineer, air defense, etc.) on the basis of instructions received from higher echelons;

the situation, status, and combat capabilities of their related arms and services;

information about specific enemy situations in the areas related to their arms and services;

suggestions about the combat employment of their related arms and services to accomplish missions assigned to the division.

All work on preparing the decision is accomplished by the commander himself. He may call on a limited number of control organ officers. Some issues of the decision are worked out by the commander himself, others jointly with the staff. This method is very common during the conduct of combat actions and when secrecy of preparation for the battle is of prime significance.

When time is limited but the situation does not change substantially, the division commander may make his decision by listening to brief summaries from the chiefs of arms and services and special troops and proposals from the chief of staff on the decision. In this case the method of concurrent work is used, in which making the decision, beginning with assessment of the situation and specifying the concept of the battle, is accomplished simultaneously with the issuance of preliminary instructions to subordinate troops. These instructions contain the minimum amount of data necessary to enable subordinate commanders and staffs to begin working up as decision and planning their own actions. At the same time the division commanders and staffs continue working on the decision, determining the specific missions for subordinate units (subunits), interaction, combat support measures, and troop control.

When there is enough time, the division commander studies all the materials on the estimate of the situation which were prepared beforehand by the staff. He also studies proposals on possible variations of the decision even before receipt of the directive of the senior commander for preparing the battle. If this is not possible, then this data is reported to the division commander by the chiefs of staff sections and the chiefs of arms and services in the course of assessing the situation and determining the concept of the battle and missions for the troops (formats of such suggestions are attached).

I. Concept of action:

the method and sequence of destruction of the enemy;

the use of means of destruction;

the direction of the main effort;

the combat formation (defense layout) of the division;

the character of maneuver.


II. Combat missions of subordinate, attached, and supporting units (subunits) and the distribution of forces and means among them.


III. The main issues and procedures of interaction.


IV. The main issues of combat supporting measures.


V. Troop control.

position of subordinate troops right before they receive the combat mission (initial position);

latest information on the enemy;

missions assigned to the division;

area of division's combat action;

location and missions of immediate adjacents and troops fighting forward

boundary lines with adjacents;

necessary data from the decision of the senior commander;

the procedure for using artillery, reserves, and other forces and means in the division's area of action;

other data on the situation.

the grouping of forces and means to be established;

missions of subordinate units and boundary lines between them;

the position areas and missions of artillery and air defense and their relocation during the battle;

main issues of interaction of the troops;

the control points (command posts, forward command posts, rear control points) and their relocation during the conduct of combat actions.

participation in modern battles by large units and units of various services of the armed forces, different arms and services and special troops equipped with a variety of weapons and combat equipment having high speed and great destructive power;

high dynamism of combat actions and likelihood of severe and sudden changes in the situation;

large expenditures of material and diverse types of support.

preparing the map of the plan and coding the map;

marking initial data on the map such as the enemy situation, boundaries of the division combat action area, it's missions and tasks conducted by forces and means of higher echelon, adjacents, and other information;

initial calculations regarding the combat capabilities of opposing sides, time of arrival and deployment of opposing forces, etc.

operation order of the army commander;

decision of the division commander for the battle and his instructions on planning;

instructions of higher command on employment of combat arms and services and special troops;

information on all elements of the situation.In order to achieve optimum planning of the division's combat action the following measures must be conducted:

gathering data on the situation and insuring maximum objectivity in its assessment;

determining and analyzing possible variations of the groupings of forces and means and concepts of enemy's actions at the beginning and during the conduct of combat action;

developing on the basis of the above mentioned the most advantageous combat formation of own troops and methods for destroying the enemy to accomplish each of the assigned missions in the battle;

determining the forces and means for all types of support for division's combat actions and establishing the methods of interaction and measures to insure troop control effectiveness.

calculating the time required for the deployment of enemy's main grouping on different directions (calculating time and space);

calculating the enemy's combat power and density of forces and means (in terms of combined arms subunits, tanks, artillery pieces and mortars, antitank weapons, air defense capability, and helicopters);

calculating the time and space for the enemy's reaction variants:

- maneuver of reserves and troops to support different directions;

- counterattacks on different directions;

- occupation of natural obstacle lines (rivers, passes, etc.);

- change of direction of action, etc.

calculating the likely rate of advance of the enemy, if it initiates the attack on different directions, and the density of it's forces and means thereof;

calculating the time and space for likely commitment of enemy reserves and second-echelon troops.

calculating the time required for establishing different variants of groupings of forces and means on different directions;

calculating own forces combat power:

- combined arms - battalions;

- tanks;

- artillery and rocket troops;

- antitank;

- air defense;

- helicopters.

calculating the effectiveness of own assets against the enemy:

- antitank weapons versus enemy tanks;

- air defense means versus enemy aircraft, etc.

calculations related to the combat employment of different arms (reconnaissance, artillery and rocket troops, air defense combat aircraft), special troops (engineer, chemical, radio-electronic combat means) and services. In such calculations the capabilities are matched against the tasks and different variants of distribution of forces and means (efforts) to missions, tasks, and targets are developed;

calculating the (time and space) of own troop's reaction variants (same as mentioned for the enemy);

calculating the likely rate of advance in accordance with the forecast of the enemy's reactions on different direction and therefore, determining lines of commitment for reserves and second-echelon troops in order to maintain the momentum of advance;

calculating the supply requirements for different material means and calculating the casualties and damaged equipment to determine the requirements and deployment for medical and technical service elements;

other necessary calculations.

enemy groupings of forces and means and the character of his likely actions (to include elements of first-echelon divisions and corps reserves);

combat formation of the division in FUP area (in defense: the system of positions and division belt);

divisions immediate and long-range missions, their contents, depths, time of accomplishment, and speed of attack (in defense: missions to destroy the enemy in front and in the depth of the defense);

direction of the main attack of the division and penetration sector in the attack (areas of concentration of main efforts in the defense);

missions and targets of nuclear weapons planned by the front and army;

sectors of the attack (defensive positions) of first-echelon regiments, their missions and times for accomplishing them, and boundaries between regiments;

area for the deployment (defensive position) of second-echelon troops and reserves; their line and method of commitment in the attack (their line and direction of counterattack and mission in defense);

composition, missions, areas, and times for landing tactical airborne and seaborne assault troops during the battle;

positions and missions of artillery and rocket troops during the battle and the direction of their relocation;

areas of deployment and principle missions for other combat arms special troop and services during the battle;

air strikes planned by assets allocated to the divisions and missions of combat helicopters;

deployment of control points for the division and regiments at the beginning of the battle and their relocation during the operation;

area for deployment of the division's rear service;

boundaries with adjacent divisions (armies) and missions of immediate adjacents.

assessing of the enemy, his capabilities, and intent;

combat composition of the division and its capabilities;

correlation of forces and means (in the entire sector of the division, through the entire depth of the division's mission, as well as in the direction of the penetration [main attack] of the division to the depth of the immediate mission, and other variants as needed) (in defense: general correlation and correlation of forces and means on likely direction of the enemy's attack, in area of the main effort, and during the conduct of counterattack are shown);

distributing forces and means;

distributing supporting aviation and combat helicopter sorties among missions and regiments;

availability, time of delivery and distribution of nuclear and special rounds, conventional ammunition and material supplies;

method of conduct of artillery preparatory fire, supporting fire, and other related instructions;

method for providing security for friendly troops during nuclear strikes;

warning signals;

availability, expenditure, and time of delivery of material means;

availability and maintenance state of combat vehicles.

plan for participating in the initial nuclear strike;

plan for preparing and occupying FUP areas for the attack (defensive area in defense);

plan for tactical maskirovka;

plan for employment of tactical airborne assault troops;

plan for political work.

plan for participating in the initial nuclear strike;

plan for preparing and occupying the FUP (defensive) area;

plan for tactical maskirovka;

plan for employing tactical airborne assault landings;

plan for establishing and relocating security and defense of control points;

plan for commandant services.

assigning or updating combat missions;

organizing and maintaining interaction;

organizing and implementing political measures;

providing comprehensive combat support and troop control.

verbal;

assigning missions with the help of written documents (textual or in form of graphics and tape recordings);

assigning missions by transmitting pre-designated signals and formalized commands.

I. a brief assessment of the grouping and activities of the enemy;

II. the combat mission of the division and the concept of the action;

III. the mission of immediate adjacents and boundary lines with them; tasks conducted by means of higher echelons in the area of the division;

IV. this begins with "I order" - (missions of subordinates):

first-echelon units;

second-echelon units;

reserves;

rocket troops and artillery;

air defense;

aviation troops;

engineer;

etc.

V. troop control issues and signal;

VI. deputies.

a brief and concise information about the enemy;

the combat mission of the unit (subunit) to which the instructions are issued;

tasks executed in support (in the interest) of the unit (subunit) by the division forces and means;

time to prepare for action.

a single understanding by subordinates of the goal of the combat action (of combat missions);

knowledge of the combat tasks of our own troops and interacting (cooperating) troops, and method of their execution;

a constant knowledge of the situation and anticipation of its possible changes;

an uninterrupted communication;

constant reciprocal (mutual) flow of information;

a uniform system of orientation;

knowledge and correct use of prearranged signals;

rendering mutual support and assistance in battle.

specific condition of the situation at the beginning and during the combat action;

specific condition of the preparation for the battle and primarily the nature of pending missions;

composition of forces and means participating in execution of assigned missions;

the combat characteristics of weapons and combat equipment;

position and status of troops groupings;

time available for organizing the combat action.

time and place for conducting measures;

who is involved;

who reports what;

who must prepare what material.

time and place of working out questions of interaction;

who is involved in the work at each of the working points;

traffic routes and assigned transport;

communication organization;

security;

measures for insuring work security and so forth.

which documents on interaction the staff is to formulate;

when to present them for review and approval;

what instructions to give to subordinate commanders and commanders of interacting troops on the terrain, terrain mockups, and maps (diagrams).

COMBAT SUPPORT MEASURES AT THE DIVISION LEVEL

reconnaissance;

protection against mass-destruction weapons;

maskirovka;

radio-electronic combat;

topogeodetic support;

meteorological support;

engineer support;

chemical support;

rear service support;

security.

determining the tasks of each type of support;

composition of forces and means to be employed for carrying out supporting measures;

assigning missions to the executing elements and determining the methods for their completion.

instructions of the higher command on each type of support;

the division commander's decision for the battle;

the division commander's instructions on combat support measures.

tasks for each type of support;

forces and means allocated to each type of support;

the basic measures to be conducted for the accomplishment of these tasks;

the deadlines for having each type of support ready.

defining the fundamental tasks and the aim of reconnaissance;

planning and dispatching tasks to executing elements;

coordinating efforts of all types and methods of reconnaissance;

preparing the reconnaissance forces and means to conduct the assigned missions;

monitoring the execution of instructions issued and giving practical assistance to the staff and the troops in the execution of the tasks assigned to them;

gathering and processing reconnaissance data, reporting it to the commander and the higher command and communicating it to subordinate (interacting) troops and adjacents.

what reconnaissance data is to be acquired and by what deadline;

where the main efforts of reconnaissance are to be concentrated and for the execution of which tasks;

what forces and means are to be used for reconnaissance.

the aim of reconnaissance;

the basic tasks of reconnaissance;

forces and means assigned to conduct reconnaissance and their distribution according to the tasks;

the deadlines to accomplish tasks;

the procedure for submitting reconnaissance information;

reserves of reconnaissance forces and means;

etc.

combined arms reconnaissance: recce patrols and recce detachments, observation post and combat recee patrols using the method of observation, listening, interception, searches, ambushes, raids, and recce in force;

interrogating prisoners and defectors and debriefing the population; study of documents, samples of weapons and equipment;

long-range spetznaz reconnaissance;

aerial reconnaissance (the division staff is obliged to organize reception of data from aerial reconnaissance which is transmitted from piloted and pilotless reconnaissance aircraft and supporting aviation aircraft;

radio and radio technical reconnaissance;

air defense radar reconnaissance;

artillery reconnaissance;

engineer reconnaissance;

radiation, chemical, and bacteriological reconnaissance.

promptly detecting the enemy's preparation for using such weapons;

forecasting of the areas of destruction, radioactive and chemical contamination, demolitions, floods, and fires;

radiation, chemical, and bacteriological reconnaissance;

warning of the troops and rear area installations about radioactive, chemical, and bacteriological contamination;

dispersion, camouflage, and periodic changing the areas of deployment of the troops and rear service installations;

use of defensive properties of combat equipment, transport vehicles, and terrain;

engineer preparation of the terrain;

supplying the troops with protective equipment and knowledge of its use;

selecting the most appropriate methods for passing through contaminated areas and providing for the protection of the troops during their combat actions in contaminated areas;

monitoring of decontamination of radiation and chemical decontamination of personnel, equipment, ammunition, material, animals, and water;

medical and veterinary measures (antiepidemic, public health, and special preventive measures);

eliminating the consequences of the enemy's employment of mass-destruction weapons.

determine the possible losses of forces and means;

introduce the required changes in the grouping and action of the troops and the rear area;

revise their missions;

generally determine the nature and volume of work involved in elimination of the consequences of the enemy's use of mass-destruction weapons.

boundaries of lethal areas of radioactive contamination and dispersion in this area of levels (doses) of radiation;

areas of possible damage (floods and fires);

areas of contamination by toxic agents and time for their natural decontamination;

direction and depth of scattering of contaminated air with dangerous concentrations.

mission to be accomplished;

characteristics of the terrain;

engineer preparation of the terrain;

likely power of the enemy's mass-destruction weapons to be used;

troop control capabilities.

passage through areas with lower levels of contamination;

passage through contaminated area in protected vehicles (tanks, APCs, helicopters, etc.);

passage after the level of contamination has relatively dropped;

bypassing the contaminated areas;

a combination of above.

capability of the personnel to be active without individual means of protection;

volume of work in decontaminating troops;

reliability of conducting decontamination.

reconnaissance of the centers of contamination by nuclear, chemical, bacteriological, and high precision weapons;

rescue work and treatment-evacuation measures;

decontaminating the troops;

restoring routes and paths for maneuvering the troops and extinguishing and localizing fires;

decontaminating material means and purifying water;

isolating and limiting measures and fighting against pathogenic agents in centers of bacteriological contamination.

the areas or lines along which the use of mass-destruction weapons of the enemy is most probable;

the tasks of radiation and chemical reconnaissance, the deadlines for conducting reconnaissance, and the forces and means allocated;

the procedure for dispersing units and subunits and the periodic changing of areas where they are deployed;

the volume of work involved in engineer preparation of the terrain;

the deadline for conducting basic measures by the medical and veterinary services;

measures for eliminating the consequences of enemy use of mass-destruction weapons, etc.

conceal friendly troops from all types of enemy reconnaissance;

deceive the enemy about the grouping of forces and means, intentions and actions of the friendly troops, and hamper the enemy in his selection of targets for destruction by fire and air strikes;

insure undetected preparation and sudden delivery of attack by friendly forces.

maintaining the secrecy of organizing and planning the combat action of the division;

dispersed and covered positioning and movement of troops;

using camouflage properties of terrain, darkness, and other conditions of limited visibility (fog, rain, etc.);

using organic and improvised means of concealment and painting equipment and installations to match the color of the terrain;

signal security and deception;

light concealment and masking;

sound and acoustic masking;

radar camouflage;

engineer preparation of dummy (deceptive) locations of the troops and dummy targets;

conducting deceptive movements and deceptive actions;

secrecy in conducting engineering work;

using smoke screens.

aggressiveness (activeness);

credibility;

continuity;

diversity.

concealment;

simulation;

feints;

disinformation.

POINTS THE DIVISION COMMANDER SPECIFIES WHEN MASKIROVKA IS ORGANIZED

aims, tasks, and measures for maskirovka in the division;

forces and means to be employed, places and times for executing maskirovka measures;

individuals who are responsible for the above measures;

procedures for monitoring maskirovka.

boundaries, groupings, and missions of the divisions;

areas for establishing deceptive concentration areas of the troops, command posts, deceptive movements and time of their preparation (conduct);

forces and means participating in feints, their composition, area of deployment, direction, and time of action and mission;

areas and time for using smoke screens and forces and means employed.

the aim and mission of maskirovka;

forces and means allocated;

equipment used in maskirovka;

methods to conduct different measures;

responsible commanders.

measures to be conducted;

places for carrying out maskirovka measures;

times for conduct of measures;

responsible commanders;

forces and means to be employed;

reaction to the enemy's different actions regarding maskirovka.

the mission of the troops being protected;

time available to them (required) to deploy and commit to battle;

importance of the direction (area) of their combat action;

distance to the enemy and the characteristic of his actions;

terrain and observation conditions.

engineer reconnaissance of the enemy and the terrain;

preparing and maintaining routes for troop movement;

breaching of obstacles and construction of crossings over water obstacles;

establishing engineer obstacles and conducting demolition work;

establishing fortifications;

conducting maskirovka work;

extracting and purifying water, constructing and maintaining water supply points;

conducting engineer actions for the elimination of the consequences of the enemy's use of mass-destruction weapons.

repairing and restoring existing roads;

engineer preparation of new roads;

establishing column paths;

camouflage of the routes from enemy ground and aerial reconnaissance.

establishing column paths to the crossing sites from the main travel routes of the troops;

mine clearing and removing of obstacles on approaches to water obstacles, river banks and landing areas (embarkation), disembarkation (unloading) for landing craft and ferries as well as in the areas of constructing bridges;
building of slopes into the water and departure for the shore;

assembling rafts, mounting piers and installing bridges;

clearing and marking of fords;

installing antimine artificial obstacles in the water at bridge crossings;

camouflaging crossings;

constructing shelters for personnel and equipment.

foxholes, trenches, and cut and cover shelters reduce penetrating radiation ten fold and decrease the radius of destruction by shock wave 1.5-2 times in comparison with a position on open terrain;

covered foxholes and trenches protect the personnel from contamination by radioactive substances and chemical agents sufficiently liquid to form drops, from thermal radiation and penetrating radiation;

shelters and dugouts with special engineer preparations reduce the radius of destruction to personnel by shock wave three to five fold.

most important tasks of engineer support;

forces and means employed;

deadlines for execution of engineer tasks;

subordinates responsible for their execution and the procedure for monitoring the work.

principal tasks of engineer support during the preparation of the battle;

principal tasks of engineer support during the conduct of the battle;

areas and times of conduct of these missions and engineer troops assigned to accomplish them;

areas of deployment of engineer troops in the initial situation (FUP areas) and their movement during the conduct of the operation;

organizing support and supply of troops in terms of engineer equipment, armament and material;

brief description of enemy forces and means and characteristics of his likely actions;

combat formation of the division and regiments in FUP areas, the immediate and long-range missions of the division, and the immediate and subsequent missions of the regiments;

areas of breakthrough (main attack) of the enemy defense (forces);

line of commitment (counterattack) of the division's second-echelon into battle;

command posts of the division in FUP areas and their relocation during the battle;

division boundaries and boundaries between regiments;

likely assault river crossing sites during the conduct of the battle.

combat composition and groupings of the division's engineer troops and distribution of engineer troops among regiments and elements of combat formations, and their distribution in terms of combat missions and regroupment of engineer troops during the battle;

availability and distribution of engineer armament and equipment in terms of different missions and among the regiments;

composition of mobile obstacle detachments, movement support detachments, and engineer reserves;

measures on protection of troops against the enemy's use of mass-destruction weapons.

radiation and chemical reconnaissance;

bacteriological non-specific reconnaissance;

chemical and dosimetric monitoring;

special cleansing;

use of smoke masks and flamethrowers by chemical troops and other measures.

to promptly supply the troops with armament and equipment;

to provide ammunition and military technical equipment;

to maintain weapons and equipment in constant readiness for combat use;

to insure high effectiveness and trouble-free operation of the equipment in all situations;

to restore damaged weapons and equipment.

artillery-technical support;

motor vehicle-technical support;

tank-technical support;

chemical-technical support;

signal-technical support;

rear-service technical support.

1. providing armament and equipment to the troops:

----- planned and conducted by the deputy commander for technical affairs and armament of the division;

2. supplying ammunition and military technical material:

----- reserves of ammunition and technical material (spare parts, etc.) are planned by related arms and services and held by personnel, combat vehicles, armament, transportation of subunits (battalions) units (regiments) and division material support battalion;

3. insuring technically correct operation of armament and equipment:

----- includes their preparation for use, their use, technical maintenance, transportation, and storage. This is conducted by specially trained personnel of units such as drivers, driver-mechanics (tank drivers), and crews and teams with the help of specialists as required when preparing equipment for combat use or during their technical maintenance, transportation, and storage.

4. timely evacuation and repair of weapons and equipment:

----- evacuation of damaged armament and equipment is conducted, as a rule, on the instructions and with the resources of the higher level. Evacuation includes towing, transporting, or leading incapacitated items of armament and equipment to the nearest shelters, to evacuation routes and to repair or loading points. It also includes loading the equipment onto transportation vehicles, extricating stuck, buried, and sunken items and systems and righting upset equipment plus the necessary preparatory work. Armament and equipment are evacuated chiefly from areas under enemy fire, from areas where it may be captured by the enemy and from areas of fire, floods, or contamination. The importance of the given items to combat and the volume of the repair jobs are accounted for when determining the priority of evacuation:

----- command and combat vehicles, rocket launchers and armament and equipment requiring the least volume of repair are evacuated on first priority. Depending upon the specific situation, the location of the defective weapon or vehicle, and its technical condition a specific evacuation procedure is determined.

a general inspection;

technical servicing no. 1;

technical servicing no. 2;

technical servicing no. 3.

General inspection before taking the vehicle out, conducted in 15-20 min., general inspection en route (short halts in march) takes 10-15 min.

Daily technical servicing conducted after each time the vehicle is brought back to the motor pool regardless of the distance covered or after the vehicle has run 100-150 km. A period of 1-1.5 hours is devoted to daily servicing.

Technical servicing no. 1 is performed usually after the vehicle has run 1,000-1,200 km. It takes up to three hours to conduct the service.

Technical service no. 2 is conducted after the vehicle has run 5,000-6,000 km. The service takes eight hours.

routine (current) repair;

medium repair;

major repair.

material support;

medical support;

transportation;

providing personnel and other needs of the troops.

all forms of armament;

combat and other equipment;

ammunition;

fuel;

food;

protective means;

engineer means;

clothing;

medical and other material;

various types of merchandise;

fluids and water.

maintain combat capability and improve personnel's health;

render prompt medical assistance to casualties and patients;

return personnel to action as quickly as possible.

preparing the rear service units, subunits, and installations;

making the decision on rear area support;

designating the rear service area;

deploying the rear service units, subunits, and installations and their relocation during the battle;

designating supply and evacuation routes;

providing security, defense, and protection of the rear area.

medical and repair units (subunits) are deployed close to first-echelon regiments (first-echelon of the rear service);

depots, transportation units (subunits), and mechanical field bakery are deployed in the second-echelon in depth.

a divisional supply and evacuation route from divisional supply depots (material support battalion) to regiment dumps (material support companies) and fire positions of division artillery group;

a regimental supply and evacuation route from regiment material support company (depots) to the rear service subunits of battalions and the fire positions of regiment artillery group;

a lateral route on the line of regiment dumps, which is the divisional lateral route;

a lateral route on the line of division depots (material support battalion) which is army's lateral route.

in battalion: battalion's supply platoon;

in regiment: material support company and medical company;

in the division: material support battalion, medical battalion, and mechanical bakery.

maintaining constant readiness of the rear service to support the troops;

promptly assigning missions regarding the rear service support;

planning the organization of the rear service support;

monitoring the execution of instructions on rear service support;

maneuvering with transport, material means, repair, and medical means in accordance with the changes in the situation;

organizing reliable security, defense, and protection of the rear service area.

the rear service order of the army commander;

the decision of the division commander for the battle and his instructions on rear service support;

the decision of the deputy division commander for rear service on organization of the rear service support;

information on the size, number, composition, and status of the troops;

information about the composition, deployment, status, and location of the rear services of the troops.

ITEMS REFLECTED IN THE DIVISION'S REAR SERVICE SUPPORT PLAN

the principle missions of the division's rear service;

the composition of division's rear service including its units, subunits, and installations planned to support the combat action of the division;

the deployment of the division's rear service during the preparation of the battle and their relocation and movement during the conduct of the battle;

division's supply and evacuation routes, their extension, restoration, and maintenance during the conduct of the battle;

material support of the division during the battle;

medical support of the division troops;

protection, security, and defense of the division rear service area;

organizing control of the division's rear service;

other matters.

assigned missions;

activities;

positions and conditions of the troops;

conditions of their rear service;

conditions of material support.

sudden changes in weather or in the nature of the terrain as a result of the use of nuclear weapons;

inefficiency of certain officials;

other executing elements incorrectly understanding the division commander's tasks.

directly among subordinate troops;

studying combat documents submitted by staffs;

observing troop activities;

in certain cases by convening the commanders and staff officers of subordinate units for personal report on the progress of the conduct of the assigned combat missions;

receiving reports (inquires) via communication equipment.

preparing data for making the decision;

formulating the decision and planning documents;

disseminating tasks to troops;

organizing interaction and support of the troops combat actions;

organizing troop control during the battle.

ITEMS CHECKED DURING MONITORING

timeliness of subordinate troops receiving missions and their correctly understanding them;

the conformity of the decision of subordinate commanders to the concept of the battle;

the correctness and completeness of battle planning and measures for interaction among troops and all-around support for their combat action;

subordinate troops completing measures on preparing for battle and readiness to begin these measures precisely at the designated time, knowing set signals, observing accepted maskirovka measures, and completing measures for protection against mass-destruction weapons.

during personal visits by the division commander and other control organ officials to the troops;

during conversations over communications equipment;

during the study and analysis of combat documents submitted by the subordinates.

confirming the receipt of orders;

confirming a signal about accomplishment of combat missions;

confirming dispatch of documents;

other similar activities.

units to be checked;

matters to be checked out (inspected);

methods for checking;

deadlines for executing checking;

persons to conduct checking;

time and procedure for reporting the results of checking (inspection).

know well the situation in the division area and its possible development;

understand their missions;

study the conditions;

outline procedures for carrying it out.