SOVIET VOROSHILOV ACADEMY LECTURES
DIVISION OPERATIONS

Serial No Approved___
Secret
copy Number

Command post:__Time__ Date__

Scale of map Date of map

1. Brief assessment of enemy

2 Mission of the division in this instruction

3. Missions of means of higher commander in support of this division, missions of adjacents, and major questions on interaction if needed.

4. time for being prepared to fulfill mission

5. troop control, signal communications, time for sending reports, and deputies of commander

signature of chief of operations directorate
signature of chief of staff
(sometimes commander does not need to approve)

Combat situation report

serial number
SECRET
copy number

Title is to whom sent such as army commander

command post and time and date and map

1 results of combat actions

Results of combat actions for period of action can vary depending on time since receipt of order.

2. situation, composition, and character of actions of own forces at the specific time for which report is given and situation and character of action of adjacents

3. composition, situation, and actions of enemy

4. decision of commander at present time or in new situation coming

5. request for assistance to fulfill mission

signature chief of operations department or directorate
signature of chief of staff
signature of division commander

Operational summary (svodka)

serial number
secret
copy number

To commander of army

Command post time and date map scale etc

1. character of actions, situation, composition of division during the past 6 hours or 24 hours (time frame of report)

2. grouping, composition, and character of action of enemy

3. brief description of combat action of regiments and others two levels below. The division discusses battalions and the army writes about regiments.

4. losses and what has been captured from enemy (trophies)

5. material support, how much used, how much on hand, how much they need

6. brief report on situation and actions of adjacents

7. other data on the outcome of combat


signature of chief of operational directorate
signature of chief of staff

Reconnaissance report


serial
secret
number of copy

To army commander or to chief of reconnaissance of army

Command post time and date and map scale

1. general character of enemy actions at the appointed time

2. situation, grouping, and intentions of enemy

\3. changes that happened since the last report and what data from what sources has been received

signature chief of reconnaissance department

Reconnaissance summary (svodka)

Differences from donyesenniya

donyesenniya information is document of staff units and formations that report to higher staffs on the enemy and send it at appointed time or on their own initiative or on request of higher staff

reconnaissance svodka
This is information document of staff of units and formations and higher units on the data on the enemy at a specified time to higher staff that is sent according to the table to higher and adjacent and lower on enemy situation

serial number
secret
Copy number

Heading to whom sent

Command post and map and time and date

1 general character of enemy actions in front of unit and on flank

2 data on nuclear, chemical, and bacteriological weapons and use of these by enemy and location of enemy weapons at the time of preparation of report.

3. data on combat composition, grouping, character of actions of ground forces on each axis with showing the boundaries between enemy units, order of battle unit designations and names of units and formations, their situation,

4. data on air forces, PVO, command posts, radio technical means, rear service installations, engineer fortifications and obstacles and others

5 results
----- - general assessment, actions and forces of enemy, capabilities for using nuclear weapons, possible character of actions,
----- - during conduct of reconnaissance identify and locate the following objects required;

Types of reconnaissance svodka

daily reconnaissance summary

(Itogovaya) report - results summary as a rule is reported for a specified period of operation or at end of the operation and sent to higher staff. In the itogovaya reconnaissance svodka they analyze the following points:

brief analysis of combat actions of enemy for the period;

data on forces and means of enemy that are located in front

character possible of actions;

character of command composition and troop control organs including the commander and his capabilities and habits etc.
\
new types of combat actions and operations

new weapons;


In the annex to the reconnaissance svodka are the following:

-maps, information on the enemy organizational set up tables of organization number and order of battle etc., losses of enemy, prisoners, and other explanatory data.

Operational directive of army

serial\
approval army commander
secret
number of copy

Command post time date, map scale and date

1 brief data on composition, grouping, actions, and possible concept of enemy

2. missions of forces and means of higher commander and adjacents
----- a missions of forces and means of higher headquarters in support of army
----- b missions of adjacents of army and boundaries with adjacents

3. concept of operation:
----- means for destruction of enemy and mission of army
----- axis of main attack and other attacks
----- combat grouping
----- means for maneuver

4. missions for subordinate formations:

I order -

division of first echelon:

forces and means for reenforcement, line for commitment into engagement, width of breakthrough sector, missions for fire preparation, means for destruction of enemy, axis of main strike, immediate mission, subsequent mission, missions of forward detachments if any, number of nuclear and chemical weapons for battle, positions for FUP areas, axis for routes for movement into commitment, command posts of division and rear control post, boundary lines with adjacents,


division of second echelon:

line of commitment into engagement, means for destruction of enemy, axis of main attack, immediate mission, axis for further advance, location for deployment of division, means and routes for movement forward for commitment of division. means and forces for reenforcement on commitment into battle, number of nuclear and chemical rockets at time of battle.

missions of rocket forces brigade:

missions during offensive, targets for first nuclear strike, time for delivery of rockets, missions on reconnaissance and observation of targets, preparation of rocket forces for firing, position area for unit, how positions will be prepared by engineer fortifications, maskirovka of area, defense and security of area, movement of rocket forces during operation,

missions of artillery forces:
-----composition of artillery group army, division and regiments,
-----general missions of artillery during offensive, missions during the fire preparation, duration office preparation, quantity of ammunition fired in preparation, means of fire support, and accompanying fire, and positions for artillery,

missions for supporting aviation:
-----general missions during offensive, missions during participation in air preparation, aviation support and aviation accompanying fire, missions for reconnaissance, missions for fight against enemy tanks, missions for covering main grouping of army against enemy aviation strikes, distribution of air resources by missions to divisions and conduct of air assaults,

missions of air assaults:
-----composition and means of air desants, areas for landings, time for landing, missions of desant actions, FUP for desant forces, and assembly waiting areas, aircraft or helicopters for the landing, cover of FUP area ,time for landing of aircraft, means for support of desant during flight and landing and time of combat. troop control of desant.

missions of PVO forces:
-----missions for covering main grouping and rear service installations during preparation for operation and during operation; missions for reconnaissance and observation and warning on enemy, combat duty service, position areas for forces, movement forward of POV during the operation,

missions of anti-tank reserve:
-----composition and mission of anti- tank, lines for deployment, with aim of destruction of enemy tanks, area for location in FUP area, means for movement and axis of movement,

missions of POZ mobile obstacle detachment:
-----composition and missions, lines for mine fields, areas for deployment in FUP area, means for movement and axis,

missions of general combined arms reserve:
-----composition, deployment area, means for movement during operation and possible missions;

engineer reserve:
-----composition, location of deployment, means and axis for movement, possible missions during operation;

chemical reserve:
-----composition, location for deployment, means and axis of movement, possible missions during operation

time for preparation of forces for operation

norms for use of material means during operation

5. troop control: command post, forward command post, and rear control post and axis for their deployment

signal communications

deputies

signature chief of operational directive
signature of chief of staff

Journal of combat actions

This is information reporting document, which relates to the time of preparation and during the course of combat actions. It is used for developing lessons and combat experience, and making reports and reference material on combat activities of forces, for preparing historical journals and also used for scientific experimental work in the future. The journal of combat actions of units and formations and larger units and ships from first to third rank is prepared by officers appointed on the staff, during all the time he is on staff of army.

The notes for the journal are entered every day and usual have the following list:
----- date day and month and year
----- general situation at beginning of the operation or battle;
----- composition and grouping,character of actions, and situation of enemy in the area of combat actions;
----- means of battle, weapons and new means and tactics that enemy has used
----- on own forces combat and organizational composition including composition and number of each and their location;
----- missions that were issued to units and formation and large units;
----- decisions that were made by the commander during the operation or battle;
----- material support of forces in main basic types;
----- morale political situation of personnel;
----- situation of adjacents and fulfillment of missions by them;

The account shows the following information
Account of action during combat actions new missions that were issued to units formations and large units from higher commanders, decisions that were made by the commanders during operation, actions of troop control and signal means, episodes and actions that are most important and heroic actions of officers and soldiers, new types of tactical actions, means for conduct of combat,

In the journal of combat actions only are written new data but not routine activities when unit is out of action. In the journal annexes for operational directives, combat instructions, report maps and plans for enemy fortified regions, photographs of officers and soldiers mentioned,.

At an appointed time they make a copy of the journal and sent it to the higher staff.

Ochotnaya carta;

This is an information reporting document in which is shown by chronological sequence on a graphic map the historical sequence of the actions of own forces and those of enemy for a appointed period of time. The map is used by the staff of units, large units, and formations. The map is used for information and explanation of combat experience of forces and for making reports for use during preparation of historical material. The map shows the following information:
----- general data on the situation of own and enemy forces at the start of the operation
----- combat missions of formations large units and units of own forces and attached and supporting forces and adjacents;
----- actions of own forces and adjacents during fulfillment of given missions and results that they achieved;
----- actions of enemy forces.

The map typically shows most important situations (breakthrough of enemy prepared defense, destruction of counter attack blow, commitment of second echelon into combat, passing of water obstacles and other). during the conduct of combat actions with use of mass weapons on the map they show nuclear strikes of both sides, areas of contamination, destruction, movement of forces around destruction areas. Data on own forces is shown for two levels lower. The situation of forces various times is shown by different symbols or colors in accordance with use of proper tactical symbols.

For protection of the surface of the map itself they use plastic and write with special erasable ink. The map for the staff of formations and large units is prepared by appointed officer in the operational department or directorate. The map for reconnaissance, artillery, engineer, signal, and rear service units is prepared by officers of their staffs. In units only prepare one map that is prepared by the assistant to the chief of staff.

Figure 1 - Message journal