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SOUTH SIDE TAKLA
MAKAN TO KAN-CHOU
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Here I list links to photos of
locations on the south side of the Takla Makan and in the Ganzu coridor to
Su-chou and Kan-chou that are not included in locations such as Tun-huang,
Khotan, Keriya, Endere, Niya, Lou-lan, and Miran
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The list of the maps that were
published in Serindia. - Map sheets numbers 4 - 8 - 12 - 13 - 16 - 17 -
18 - 20 - 21 - 22 - 27 - 28 - 29 - 30 - 31 - 32 - 33 - 37 - 38 - 40 - 41 - 43 -
46 - 47 - 50 - 53 - 57 - 60 - 61 - 6t4 - 65 - 67 - 68 - 70 - 71 - 74 - 75 - 78
- 79 - 81 - 82 - 83 - 84 - 85 - 86 - 87 - 88 - 89 - 90 - 91 - 92 - 93 - 94
cover the southern side of theTakla Makan and the Kun-lun and Nan-shan mountain
ranges and the area south-west of Su-chou and Ku-chou. This link is to the
listing of the photos of the maps included here.
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Detail of Stein's map of the Takla
Makan an insets showing Tun-huang and Domoko - This is a general view of
Chinese Turkestan as far east as Abdal showing the entire southern side between
the desert and the mountains.
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A more detailed view of the east
central section of Stein's map. On the south it shows his route east from Niya
and Endere to Charchan and then to Miran. It shows his route from Miran to
Lou-lan and back. It shows his two routes from Miran-Abdal east - one along the
edge of the Lop-nor salt flat north of the Kun-tagh desert and the other
through the foothills of the Altin Tagh. Both routes reach Tun-huang. North of
Tun-huang is the Han wall along the south side of the Su-lo Ho. From Tun-huang
his route goes east to An-hsi and then shows his complex exploration of the
eastern Nin-shan south of Su-chou and west of Kan-chou. On the north side it
shows his route west from An-hsi to Hami to Khara-shahr and then to Kucha.
Stein's method was to explore the desert sites between late November and March
and the high mountains between June and October.
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Detail of Stein's map of the
Richthofen Range and Kan-chou River - Kan-chou town and the sharp bend in the
river to the north-west are shown. This shows the furtherest east area that
Stein explored in 1907,
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Detail of Stein's map showing the
Kan-chou river flowing north-west north of the Richthofen Range - note there is
a continental divide just west of where the Kan-chou crosses the Gansu corridor
- all the streams west of this flow eventually into the desert. This shows in
part areas north of the previous map.
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Detail of Stein's map showing both
the Kan-chou and Pei-ta Ho from their headwaters between the Richthofen Range
and the To-lai Shah Range flowing in opposite directions - with the Su-lo Ho on
the other side of the Alexander III range also flowing north-west - Then in the
corridor north of the moutains the Kan-chou and Pei-ta Ho come near each other,
but on either side of the continental divide. Note Chin-yu-kuan west of Su-chou
- it is the main gate in the Ming Great Wall - note several sections of the
Great Wall north of Su-chou
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Detail of Stein's map showing the
Pei-ta Ho flowing north out of the mountains past Su-chou - Chin-yu-kuan - the
gate in the Ming Wall is just west of Su-chou
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Detail from map in Desert
Cathay showing Stein's routes through the Alexander III Range and mountains
south of Su-chou - He found the headwaters of the Su-lo Ho and Pei-ta Ho
flowing north-west into the Tarim basin and then moved east to
Kan-chou.
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Detail of Stein's map of the eastern
Nan-shan - the Suess, Alexander III, To Lai-shah and Richthofen Ranges and the
corridor between Kan-chou and Su-chou and An-hsi. Note the Ming 'Great Wall'
shown north and north-east of Su-chou and a few of the Han wall towers around
An-hsi
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A larger look at Stein's map of his
routes through the mountains south and south-west of Khotan=at the far left
edge is the route across the Karakorum pass back into India. In the map center
follow his route south from Gosringa as he sought to break through the gorges
of the Yurung Kash up two glaciers but was forced to turn back by recalcitrant
local hired workers. He then cross the Yurung on a makeshift bridge and
returned to Khotan by a different route. This effort was early in the
expedition. The following year he circumvented the mountain range by traveling
far east and round the gorges via Keriya and then as the map shows came west
over the high plateaus south of the mountains to the headwaters of the Kara
Kash. He then made several circles through the mountains before reaching the
caravan route over the Karakorum.
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This detail of Stein's map shows from
the north his effort to reach the headwaters of the Yurung Kash by going south
from Khotan early in his expedition. This was blocked (at the end of the two
red lines) by impassable gorge and local reluctance at the two places shown. He
then crossed the Yurung Kash on a 'bridge' (shown in photos and returned to
Khotan via Pisha. The following year he went east around the front range and
then west as shown by the red line at bottom of the map
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Plate - Plan for ruined building in northern
group at Vash-shahri
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Serindia Plan 56 - General site plan
for the ruin at Farhad-beg-yailaki, at Domoko
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Serindia Plan 57 - Detaied plans for
structures at Farhad-beg-yailaki, at Domoko
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Serindia Plan 55 - plans for the site
and some buildings at Kara-dong.
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Serindia 239 - Wind-eroded
east wall, near north-east corner, of deserted town south of An-hsi. Stein
noted that the east walls of the towns and forts he found were the worst for
wear due to the prevaling east wind driving sand against them.
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208 - Wind-eroded walls at north-east corner of ruined town,
An-hsi
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212 - Ruined stupa at old town of Ch'iao-tzu, seen from
south
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211 - Gate pavilion of old temple in Ch'iao-tzu village - in
front are carts full of Stein's baggage.
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210 - Wind-eroded ground at foot of gravel glacis, east of
ruined town of Ch'iao-tzu
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Plan 46 - of ruined town - Ch'iao - Tzu
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Photo 224 - Watch tower - but not on the Han Dynasty wall but on the
'medieval great wall' that is the Ming wall near Yeh-mao-wan, near Su-chou
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Plan of watch station inside border wall north of Chia-yu-kuan (Ming
era Jade Gate)
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225 - Pavilion over inner west gate of Chia-yu-kuan, with view
across interior of circumvallation
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Photo 250 - A very poor reproduction of an already poor photograph -
but interesting as Stein recognized that the line of wall he found south of
Chia-yu-kuan could not be a viable military defensive wall but was part of a
frontier control system undertaken by the Ming Dynasty.
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Photo 223 - the "medieval' great wall - north of Su-chou
near Hsin-ch eng-tzu - Stein immediately recognized the great difference
between the early Han Dynasty wall and towers that he had traced eastward from
Tun huang and the Ming Dynasty "Great Wall".- the figure in Chinese
costume above is Father Essems
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Photo 251 - Watch tower and post of Ta-han-chuang - one of the towers
toward the east end of the corridor - at foot of the outer Nan-shan hills south
west of Chia-u-kuan - This is a Ming Dynasty tower as part of the Great Wall
complex guarding the route to Su-chou
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252 - Ruined circumvallation at south-west end of Hei-shui-kyo
near Kan-chou seen from north-west - very blurry photo
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240 - Portion of inner east wall of ruined town of So-yang
Cheng, breached by wind erosion seen from east - blurred photo but shows impact
of wind
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230 - North wall of Chin-fo-ssu town, with foot-hills of
Richthofen Range in background
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222 - Watch tower of modern guard-station at Ta-han-chung, at
foot of Nan-shan
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226 - Hao-shan-k'ou Gorge with ruined walls intended to close
the passage - On left, remnant of ancient wall with parapet facing east; on
right. battlemented wall of later origin facing west
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256 - Ornamental gateway in front of commander-in-chief's
Ya-men, Kan-chou
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255 - Memorial gateway, built about A.D. 1825, outside west
gate of Kan-chou
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254 - Central gate tower and main street in Kan-chou
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253 - Fortified village of Sha-ching-tzu, with temple gate, on
road to Kan-chou
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251 - View south from Feng-ta-fan towards main Richthoven
Range, across Khazan-gol Valley
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250 - View to south from first forest-clad ridge above
Khazan-gol - The Khazan-gol is just visible in valley. In distance are snowy
peaks of the main Richthofen Range.
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249 - Camp on left bank of Khazan-gol, packed for start into
the mountains west of Kan-chou
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246 - Head of Alpine valley at camp CCXXI, north-east of
Shen-ling-tzu Pass - Turdi (a) and Sahid Bai (b) our Turki poney-men in
foreground
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245 - View south from Shen-ling-tzu Pass across Kan-chou River
valley towards To-lai-shan
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244 - View from Su-lo Ho and Pei-ta Ho watershed, continued
towards south-west - This view joins fig 243 at line A B forming part of
panoramic view of Suj-lo Ho headwaters basin. Taken at elevation of about
14,600 feet
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243 - View to west towards Shagolin-namjil Peaks from Su-lo Ho
and Pei-ta Ho watershed - line A-B links to previous photo
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242 - Large dunes on marshy ground in head-waters basin of
Su-lo Ho - Elevation about 13,400 feet - glacier-crowned peaks in distance
belong to the Shagolin-Namjil Range
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241 - View to the east from above left bank of Su-lo Ho River -
The snowy peaks in distance belong to the Alexander III Range - Rai Ram Singh
is at work on plane table.
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240 - Snowy peak seen eastwards from pass across Alexander III
Range - ponies resting in foreground at elevation about 15,200 feet
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239 - Snow fields at head of valley east of pass across the
Alexander III Range
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238 - View down the Pei-ta Ho valley from left bank of river -
this is near the head waters high in the mountains - the river descends to the
Kansu valley through the gorge in distance
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237 - On crest above Huo-ning-to Pass looking NW towards Pei-ta
Ho valley
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239 - Wind-eroded east wall , near north-east corner of
deserted town south of An-hsi - very blurred photo
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228 - Pavilion and colonnade at entrance to Chiu-chuan temple -
Su-chou
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229 - Garden and temple court at Chiu-chuan, The 'spring of
wine' Su-chou - The group of trees on left hides the temple used as Stein't
reception hall
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236 - View to SE from Chu-lung-kuan Pass, showing portion of
To-lai-shan Range
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Photo 221 - Fortified village at Ch'ang-ma oasis, with view to
south-east towards Su-lo Ho
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232 - View south from Hoz-tzu Pass across dry lake
basin
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233 - Camp at Ch'ing-shui-k'a-tzu, on left bank of Ma-so
Ho
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234 - Tungan gold miners from Hsi-ning
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235 - View to south-west from ridge above Ta-pen-ko at about
14,000 feet showing portion of the To-lai-shan Range
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247 - Stein's Chinese 'pony-men' safely restored to the plains
- On extreme right our aged 'Ya-i' is pointing with stick to the chief
mutineer. - These laborers were conscripted by local officials to go much
against their will into the forbidding high mountains and at several times they
tried to escape but were held in check by Chinese military escort sent with
Stein.
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252 - Mongol head-men near grazing-grouonds of Lao-tu-kou -
Stein met these men as he was coming out of the mountains toward
Kan-chou
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248 - First Mongol camp met with in Khazan-gol Valley -
Chiang-ssu-yeh on left, fir trees on slopes in background
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216 - Mongol camp on east side of Ta-kung-ch'a Valley
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220 - View from Tu-ta-fan to south-west, showing a portion of
To-lai-shan range
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