CHUFUT- KALE, CRIMEA

Pavel and John examining defensive works. The original fortress wall is in the background. The moat was dug out of solid rock and also there were underground passages such as is behind the opening in the face of the moat here. Another series of works is just off the photo to the right, it appears in another photo. Note that the cliff is just beyond the end of the wall and the rock that ends the moat. See the far cliffs to get an idea of how steep these cliffs are.