Historical period and battles |
Forces |
Cold Weapons |
Defensive armament |
Fire Weapons |
Artillery |
X - XI Cent. 907 - Campaign of Oleg to Byzantium; 865 - 975 Wars of Svyatoslav with Khazars, Bolgars and Pechenegs |
Cavalry: Princely druzhina; Infantry: town and rural pop. |
Mech ; topor saber; nozh |
Shlem ; kol'chuga, almond shape shield |
Bow and arrow; |
|
XII Cent. Campaign against Polovetsi - 1185 Campaign Svyatoslav Vsyevolodovich; 1187 Campaign Igor Svyatoslavich |
Cavalry: princely druzhina, mounted town and rural pop.; Infantry: foot town and rural population |
Saber; kop'ya ; mech ; topor; nozh; oslop; rogatina |
Helmet with barmitsa; kol'chuga; round and almond shield |
Bow and arrow; |
|
XIII Cent. Alexander Nevski victories 1240 - over Swedes; 1242 - over Teutonic Knights Alexander |
Cavalry: princely druzhina, mounted town and rural pop.; Infantry: town and rural pop. |
Mech ; kop'ya; topor; rogatina; nozh; oslop |
Helmet with barmitsa; kol'chuga, kuyak; round and almond shields |
Bow and arrow; arbalest (crossbow) |
|
XIV Cent. Battle with Mongols - Dmitri Donskoi; 1378 at Vozhye; 1380 at Kulikova field; 1382 Siege of Moscow by Toktamish |
Cavalry: princely druzhina, mounted town and rural pop.; Infantry: town and rural pop., Moscow posadski people |
Saber; kop'ya; mech; konchar; topor; rogatina; nozh |
Helmet (shlem - shishak) with barmitsa, kol'chuga; baidana; kuyak; round shield; moskovskii |
Bow and arrow, drota; crossbow arbalest |
|
XV Cent. Battle for unification of state - 1480 Akhmat Khan at Oka River |
Cavalry: pomestniki; mounted pososhnie; Infantry: poshchal'niki; pososhnie people; artillery: pushkari |
Saber, kop'ya; shestoper ; toporka; klyevtsa; rogatina; nozh |
Helmet (shlem- shishak) with barmitsa; kol'chuga; pantsir; baidana; shapka bumazhna, tyegilyai; shchit |
Bow and arow; drotika; pishchal (wheellock) fitil'nii |
|
XVI Cent. 1st half: 1514 Campaign to Smolensk; 1524 & 1530 first campaigns to Kazan |
Cavalry pomestniki: boyari; dvoryani; mounted pososhnie and datochnii people; cossacks; Infantry: pishchalniki, pososhnie and datochnii people; cossacks; Artillery: pushkari, kuznetsi, plotniki |
Saber; kop'ya; kisten; rogatina; topor; shestoper; nozh; klevtsa |
Helmet (shlem-shishak); shapka zheleznaya (iron), myedniye (copper), bumazhni (paper); kol'chuga, baidana; tyegilyai; narucha; zertsalo; nakolyennika |
Bow and arrow; drotika; pishchal-ruchnitsa; fitil'nii |
Pishchal- pushka iron; bronze, great pushka; mortir; pishchal in fortress or (zatinnia) |
XVI Cent. 2nd half: 1552 Capture Kazan; 1552 - 1558 Livonian War |
Cavalry (pomestnik): Moscow and town dvoryani; zhil'tsi; deti boyarski; Tatar princes and murzi; town cossacks; mounted datochni people; mounted strel'tsy; Infantry: strel'tsy; foot cossacks and datochni people; Artillery: pushkari; kuznetsi; plotniki |
Saber; kop'ya; shestoper; klyevtsa; toporki; kistena; berdish; rogatina; nozh; topor |
Helmet shlem - shishak with naushnikami; shapka iron, bronze, paper; misurka; pantsir; baidana; kol'chuga; iushman; bakhterets; nakolyennika; zertsalo; naruchi; tyegilyai; |
Bow and arrow; drotika; pishchal ruchnitsa; fitilina; postol; karabina kremlina |
|
XVII Cent. 1st Qtr. Destruction Polish intervention |
People's militia (horse & foot) |
Saber; kop'ya; Rogatina; berdish; toporka; shestoper; klyevtsa; nozh |
Helmet (shlem-shishak); epikhonka; shapka iron, bronze, paper; misurka; pantsir; kol'chuga; baindana; naruchi; zertsalo; nakolenniki; |
Bow and arrow; drotika; pishchal; fitil'nii; pistol and karabina kremnev'i |
|
XVII Cent. 2nd Qtr. Polish Campaign Conquest of Ukraine |
Pomestie cavalry: boyars; Moscow and town dvoryani; zhil'tsi; deti boyarski; pozharskii princes and murzi, Cossack horse; strel'tsy; New order horse: dragoons; reitari; Infantry: strel'tsy; New order foot: soldati; kopyeishchiki (pikemen); Artillery: pushkari Composition of forces the same, but added to new order horse is hussars |
Saber; kop'ya; rogatina; berdish; shpaga Without change; hussar armed with sabers and kop'ya |
Same as in first quarter, in addition reitari shishaki; lati (pikemen helmet) No change: |
Bow and arrow; drotika; pistolet; karabina; pishchali; mushket; pishchali fitil'ni; and kremnevii; mushketi and pishchali No change |
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XVII Cent. 4th Qtr. Crimean Campaigns |
No change |
No change |
No change |
No change |
No change |
XVIII Cent. 1st Qtr. 1700- 1720 Great Northern War 1709 Poltava 1714 naval battle at Hangut |
Infantry: mushketerski regt.; grenadirskii company, but later regt.; Cavalry: dragoon; Artillery: field regimental, siege, fortress; Irregular forces: cossacks |
Shpaga; protazan; alebard; pikeman kop'ya; palash; cossack pike |
Defensive armor was abolished by Peter I |
Fusil with bagineta (bayonet) from 1700 to 1708; fusil with shtik (bayonet) from 1708; hand mortar; pistol |
Iron guns - field in 12, 8, and 6 fitil'ni pushka; mortars in 1 and 2 pud; siege and fortress pushka of 24 funtov, mortir of 5 pud |
XVIII Cent. 2nd Qtr. 1735- 1739 Russo-Turkish war; 771- 1773 Russo-Turkish war |
Infantry: musketer and grenadier regt.; Cavalry: dragoon; curiassir; Irregular troops: Cossacks |
Shpaga: spontoon; hussar saber; Cossack pike |
Curiass (chest) |
Infantry fusil; pistol; dragoon fusil; pistol; musket; carbine |
Artillery in caliber the same as in 1st qwarter, but bronze with the exception of naval which continued to be made of iron |
XVIII Cent. 3rd Qtr. 1756- 1762 Seven Years' War 1 Aug. 1759 Engagement at Kunersdorf; 28 Sept 1760 Battle of Berlin; 1773- 784 Russo-Turkish war 10 May 1773 Capture of Turtuka by Suvorov |
Infantry: musketer, jager; Cavalry: dragoon, caribiner, curiassir, hussar; Irregular horse: cossack; Engineer troops |
Shpaga; half-saber; espontoon; palash; hussar saber; cossack saber; kop'ya; cossack pike |
Curiass (chest) |
Infantry fusil; Dragoon fusil; pistol; carbine; cavalry musket; pistol; jager shtutsyer (rifle) |
Artillery the same as in 2nd quarter, but again made howitzer and "edinorogi" |
XVIII Cent. 4th Qtr. 1787- 1791 Russo-Turkish War 1798- 1799 Expedition in Mediterranean Sea 1799 War with France Italian campaign of Suvorov |
Infantry: musketer, jager; Cavalry: dragoon, carabiner, curiassir, hussar; Irregular horse: cossack; Engineer troops |
Shpaga; half-saber; espontoon; dragoon saber; hussar saber; dragoon palash; kop'ya; cossack pike |
Curiass (chest) |
No change |
No change |
XIX Cent. 1st Qtr. 1808- 1814 Russo-French War; 2 Aug 1812 Borodino Battle |
Infantry: musketeer, grenadier, naval, jager, carabineri regts.; Cavalry: curiassir, dragoon, hussar, mounted-jager, ulan regts.; Artillery and engineer units: Irregular forces: cossacks and national (ethnic) |
Shpaga with krivii klinka (half-saber); palash; saber; ulan pike (lance); cossack pike; tesak krivii |
Curiass (chest and back) |
Artillery weapons 1805 system: 12 funtov cannon, 1/2 pudov "edinorogi"; 6 funtov pushka; 1/4 pudov "edinorogi" |
|
XIX Cent. 2nd Qtr. 1828- 1829 Russo-Turkish war |
Infantry: guards, grenadier, naval infantry, jager regts.; Cavalry: curiassir, mounted-jager, dragoon, hussar, ulan regts.; Engineer forces; artillery; irregular units: cossacks, national (ethnic) units |
Spaga, half-saber; tesak; palash; saber; cossack pike; ulan lance; shashka |
Curiass (chest and back) |
No change |
|
XIX Cent. 3rd Qtr. 1852-1855 Crimean war Defense of Sevastopol |
Infantry: guards, infantry, naval regts.; rifle battalions and then regts.; Cavalry: dragoon, curiassir, hussar, ulan regts.; Engineer troops; Irregular horse: cossacks, national units |
Spaga; tesak; half-saber; saber; shashka; cavalry palash; naval palash; cossack pike; ulan lance |
Curiass kept as a parade uniform |
Hand held |
Artillery of 1867 model |
XIX Cent 4th Qtr. 1877- 1878 Russo-Turkish war |
No change |
No change |
No change |
Vintovki (rifles): Baranov model 1869; Krnka model 1869; Berdan 1, model 1868; Berdan 2, model 1870 |
No change |