Ivangorod Fortress on Navrona River in Russia

	IVANGOROD FORTRESS JOHN SLOAN
	Here is a selection of photographs of Ivangorod fortress made in December 1991 and July 1993. A text description of the history of the fortress is here. During subsequent visits we were prevented from crossing into Estonia to examine the fortifications of Narva.
	View of one interior cross wall and foundation ruins of buildings in one section.
	One of the side towers and cross wall that divides the courtyard in two. Part of Ivangorod town in the distance.
	View of the interior with church on a cold and dreary December day.
	View of one tower and part of curtain wall during visit in December 1991.
	Braving the snow and ice on the Ivangorod parapet high above the Navrona river with the High Herman of the Narva castle across the river in the background.
	Last stop in Russia - this is the road leading to Narva, Estonia, across the bridge. The white tower of the Narva castle High Herman stands out for miles. The lower but massive walls of Ivangorod fortress sit beside the road. It was built to confront the Livonian knights who then occupied Narva.
	From this location a bit further back up the road we can see more of the Narva castle as well as the Ivangorod fortress
	Two towers and part of a curtain wall of the Ivangorod fortress.
	One of the sections into which the interior of Ivangorod fortress is divided by the cross wall on the right in this photo.
	Remaining on the territory of the Boyar city, the St. Nicholas Church is a small limestone structure. In shape, it is rectangular, almost square, with low, half-circular apses on the eastern side.
	A closer view of the Ivangorod fortress walls and towers from the main highway.
	The fortress walls look especially menacing in winter. Here also is the outer work built later for artillery.
	A view of the parapet on the Ivangorod fortress rampart on its river side. Note the high merlons. The white tower to the left is the "High Herman" in the Danish castle across the river, in Narva, Estonia. See the section on Narva for more photographs of this remarkable structure.
	View of the cross wall that separates the interior of Ivangorod into two main sections. As is evident, it is being repaired.
	View of two towers from outside Ivangorod fortress.
	Close-up view of a section of the fortress wall from outside.
	A passageway and stairs inside the fortress walls.
	Close-up view of a tower and outwork from outside the fortress.
	One of the round towers viewed from outside the fortress.
	One of the square towers viewed from outside the fortress. This one has a narrow entrance gate in it.
	View from the fortress wall overlooking the later outer bastion trace artillery emplacement toward the town.
	Church of St. Nicholas inside the fortress.
	One of the round, corner towers from inside the fortress.
	A corner tower and part of the ramparts with remains of an interior structure.
	View along the parapet of the fortress rampart toward a corner tower. To the left is the later addition - an artillery emplacement.
	Interior of the fortress with the Church of St. Nicholas. The "High Herman" across the river in Narva is seen over the fortress wall.
	View from the fortress wall looking down the river, with a small section of one of the Narva city bastions across the river. The international bridge crosses the river here. The two white spots at the bottom of the photo are merlons..
	A view of the fortress wall on the river from adjacent parapet. Part of the ruined foundation of interior structures is visible as is the white tower of the "High Herman" across the river.
	View of an embrasure in the casement inside Ivangorod fortress walls.

IVANGOROD FORTRESS

JOHN SLOAN

Here is a selection of photographs of Ivangorod fortress made in December 1991 and July 1993. A text description of the history of the fortress is here. During subsequent visits we were prevented from crossing into Estonia to examine the fortifications of Narva.

View of one interior cross wall and foundation ruins of buildings in one section.

One of the side towers and cross wall that divides the courtyard in two. Part of Ivangorod town in the distance.

View of the interior with church on a cold and dreary December day.

View of one tower and part of curtain wall during visit in December 1991.

Braving the snow and ice on the Ivangorod parapet high above the Navrona river with the High Herman of the Narva castle across the river in the background.

Last stop in Russia - this is the road leading to Narva, Estonia, across the bridge. The white tower of the Narva castle High Herman stands out for miles. The lower but massive walls of Ivangorod fortress sit beside the road. It was built to confront the Livonian knights who then occupied Narva.

From this location a bit further back up the road we can see more of the Narva castle as well as the Ivangorod fortress

Two towers and part of a curtain wall of the Ivangorod fortress.

One of the sections into which the interior of Ivangorod fortress is divided by the cross wall on the right in this photo.

Remaining on the territory of the Boyar city, the St. Nicholas Church is a small limestone structure. In shape, it is rectangular, almost square, with low, half-circular apses on the eastern side.

A closer view of the Ivangorod fortress walls and towers from the main highway.

The fortress walls look especially menacing in winter. Here also is the outer work built later for artillery.

A view of the parapet on the Ivangorod fortress rampart on its river side. Note the high merlons. The white tower to the left is the "High Herman" in the Danish castle across the river, in Narva, Estonia. See the section on Narva for more photographs of this remarkable structure.

View of the cross wall that separates the interior of Ivangorod into two main sections. As is evident, it is being repaired.

View of two towers from outside Ivangorod fortress.

Close-up view of a section of the fortress wall from outside.

A passageway and stairs inside the fortress walls.

Close-up view of a tower and outwork from outside the fortress.

One of the round towers viewed from outside the fortress.

One of the square towers viewed from outside the fortress. This one has a narrow entrance gate in it.

View from the fortress wall overlooking the later outer bastion trace artillery emplacement toward the town.

Church of St. Nicholas inside the fortress.

One of the round, corner towers from inside the fortress.

A corner tower and part of the ramparts with remains of an interior structure.

View along the parapet of the fortress rampart toward a corner tower. To the left is the later addition - an artillery emplacement.

Interior of the fortress with the Church of St. Nicholas. The "High Herman" across the river in Narva is seen over the fortress wall.

View from the fortress wall looking down the river, with a small section of one of the Narva city bastions across the river. The international bridge crosses the river here. The two white spots at the bottom of the photo are merlons..

A view of the fortress wall on the river from adjacent parapet. Part of the ruined foundation of interior structures is visible as is the white tower of the "High Herman" across the river.

View of an embrasure in the casement inside Ivangorod fortress walls.

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