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This is the main entry page for
listing a variety of articles and graphics related to Russian campaigns and
battles. These include wars of Dmitri Donskoi, Ivan IV, Peter I and others. But
the large directory on the 1812 campaign and battle of
Borodino is separate. So also are the
sections on Suvorov and
Kutuzov.
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This illustration from Razin
depicts the annual 'inspection' of the artillery with Tsar Ivan IV watching
closely. The target would be walls of ice or blocks to be pulverized by the
shot.
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Illustration of Muscovite
artillery in action.
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Illustration of Muscovite
artillery in action.
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Review by John Sloan of the book
- The Founding of Russia's Navy: Peter the Great and the Azov Fleet,
1688-1714, by Edward J. Phillips,
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"K istorii voyenno morskogo
sudostroyeniya" "Toward the history of military-naval
construction" Tushin, Yu. Lt Col. Voyenno istoricheskii Zhurnal,
#8, Aug 1970. pp 101-104 - translation of summary of the article
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Order of battle typical for
medieval Muscovite armies. The equivalent polki of subordinate leaders would
frequently be distributed to the various polki of the main army when they were
united. While 'polk' in modern Russian is translated as 'regiment', the
medieval formation was not a regular unit let alone a regiment - rather it was
like the western 'battle'.
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The typical layout of a Mongol
army as recorded in the sources. Presumably it was more or less in this kind of
formation that Mamai advanced into battle.
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A typical Muscovite march
formation for march through open country on the steppe.
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Map from Beskrovni atlas of
Russian military history depicting the standard view of how the battle was
conducted by both sides. This has come under some critical analysis recently.
Note also that Beskrovni does NOT show any Genoese infantry, an error so many
other authors make.
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This map from Beskrovni's atlas
shows the standard view of the campaign. The strengths and losses are those
recorded in some chronicles but are vastly inflated. Likewise, the very
location of the battle has been questioned recently. We will provide more on
this later.
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This map from Beskrovni's atlas
depicts the various fortified lines constructed during the reigns of Ivan IV
and Boris Gudunov. And the opposing Tatar campaign routes from Crimea.
"Shore duty" was the term used to describe the annual assignment of
Muscovite troops to occupy frontier posts and perform mobile patrols along the
Oka River.
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Great Northern War - bibliography
compiled by John Sloan - This list was creaed 8 years ago now and will be
increased when I have time.
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This schematic depicts a section
of the prefabricated and portable Muscovite wooden fortress used in field
operations to shelter artillery and streltzi gunners. This one is on runners
for use in snow.
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This schematic shows a section of
the gulai gorod on wheels for use in summer. The openings are for streltzi hand
gunners. This innovation provided protection from Tatar cavalry.
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This diagram depicts a layout of
an entire gulai gorod with the individual panels connected to form an
all-around defensive work. This not only served as a mobile protection for the
infantry and artillery, but also as a base of fire and operations at which
cavalry could rally and form for counterattacks.
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THE MUSCOVITE ARMY OF IVAN IV,
THE TERRIBLE by Dr. Dianne Smith
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The Sixteenth Century
Muscovite Army Dr. Lt.Col. Dianne Smith 24 January 1984 - This is a
different version of information about the Muscovite army.
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Review of book - Ivan the
Terrible: A military history, by Alexander Filjushkin - reviewed by John
Sloan
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Review of book - Warfare,
State and Socieety on the Black Sea Steppe, 1500 - 1700 by Brian L. Davies
- reviewed by John Sloan
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Review of book - Russia's Wars
of Emergence 1460 - 1730, by Carol B. Stevens - review by John Sloan
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This schematic drawing depicts
the wooden siege tower fitted with artillery and small arms used at the siege
of Kazan in 1552. A model of the tower can be seen in the diorama of the siege
at the Museum of Artillery in St Petersburg.
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This map from Beskrovni's Atlas
of Russian military history shows the routes of the Muscovite armies from
Moscow to Kazan. One section was diverted temporarily south by the incursion of
the Crimean Tatars around Tula and Kashira. We see that the lead or advance
polk, the great or main polk and the right arm polk traveled by the southern
route across country through Ryazan, while the left arm polk and the Tsar's
peresonal druzhina went via Vladimir and Murom. They reached the Volga at the
fortress built on an island at Sviyazhsk where they met supplies and artillery
brought down the river by barge.
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The Battle of Kletzk against
Swedish Forces. A Journal by S. P. Neplynyev, April 19, 1706 by N. N.
Ogloblin - an article on this relatively obscure engagment
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Kulikovo Battle - bibliography
compiled by John Sloan
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Large mural depicting the
Muscovite host at the Kulikovo Battle - it is on the wall in the entrance area
of the MOD uniform museum
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Kulikovo battle - preliminary
main page for description of this battle.
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Map from Beskrovni's atlas of
Russian military history. These are the campaigns ordered by Ivan IV for the
years shown. We are preparing text history of this war.
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These are the campaigns for the
years shown. Ivan IV in 1563, Magnus in 1570, Ivan IV in 1572 and 1577, Stephan
Bathori in 1579-81 and Delagarde in 1581.
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Typical march order for an army
or section of an army moving in enemy or unknown territory.
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Battle of Bortenovo - 22 DEC.
1317 - description by John Sloan
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Detail of the large painting on
wall of museum in Tver - it depicts the victory of Tver over Moscow at
Bortenovo on 22 December 1317.
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Detail of the large painting on
wall of museum in Tver - it depicts the victory of Tver over Moscow at
Bortenovo on 22 December 1317.
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Detail of the large painting on
wall of museum in Tver - it depicts the victory of Tver over Moscow at
Bortenovo on 22 December 1317.
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Detail of the large painting on
wall of museum in Tver - it depicts the victory of Tver over Moscow at
Bortenovo on 22 December 1317.
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Detail of the large painting on
wall of museum in Tver - it depicts the victory of Tver over Moscow at
Bortenovo on 22 December 1317.
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This diagram shows the
administrative organization for comand and control of the Muscovite armed
forces.
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GREAT NORTHERN WAR
Telpukhovski, Col. B. S. - first part of the book, translated by John Sloan
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Brief history of the Peter and
Paul fortress
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This map shows the first Russian
assault on the Turkish garrison at Plevna on 20 July 1877.
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"Plevna" - article from
the 11th Edition, Encyclopedia Britannicavol. 21 pp. 838-840 John Henry
Verrinder Crowe
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This map from Beskrovni depicts
the third Russian attack during their siege of Plevna during the Russo-Turkish
war.
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This map from Beskrovni depicts
the second Russian attack during their siege of Plevna during the Russo-Turkish
war.
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This map accompanies the article
on Plevna in the Encyclopedia Britannica
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THE BATTLE OF POLTAVA: The
Birth of the Russian Empire Author, Peter Englund, translator, Peter Hale,
London, Victor Gollancz Ltd, 1992 (Originally published in Swedish in 1988
under title Poltava) Review: by John Sloan
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This is a memorial monument for
Poltava battle
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A monument - memorial to the
Russian victory at Poltava in 1709
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A painting depicting Peter I
victorious at Poltava in 1709
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Russia Wars 1450 - 1800 a set of
tables showing the wars and campaigns of Russia (Muskovy) compiled by John
Sloan
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Wars of the 15th century - The
appearance of the same color as a polity in that line means a civil war - eg
several Russian civil wars. Otherwise the colors are cross linked so one might
note the wars between Muscovy and Kazan show in the same years on both lines.
We began this listing at 1450, but plan on tracing wars back to at least 1200.
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Wars of the16th century - This
cross listing of the wars year by year well illustrates the strategic problem
facing Ivan IV with enemies on several fronts.
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Wars of the 17th century - The
cross posting shows the disaster that faced Russia during the "Time of
troubles" at the beginning of the century. For the rest of the century,
apart from the Smolensk war with Poland the main concern was the Crimean
Tatars, who also clearly applied themselves against a variety of foes.
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Wars of the 18th century - The
18th century turned out to be more peaceful than prior periods. But the wars
were larger and more formal in scope. There were the Great Northern war with
Sweden, the war with Persia, the Seven Year's War with Prussia, and two wars
with the Ottoman Empire. During the last of these Russia completed the conquest
of Crimea (not shown separately)
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This illustration from Razin
depicts streltzi repelling a Tatar cavalry attack from behind a temporary line
of sacks.
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This illustration from Razin
depicts streltzi pulling sled mounted sections of the gulai gorod into place
and locking them together.
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An illustration from Razin
showing a winter 'inspection' of streltzi with the tsar seated at the rear. The
arquebusiers would fire at the ice wall until it was destroyed. Note how they
use the berdish as a rest for the heavy arquebus.
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The Strelzi (1550 - 1705) by:
Richard L. Sanders
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The Cossack Military System as
Described by The Sieur de Beuplan - an essay by Steven Stinemetz
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Illustration showing the use of
the gulai gorod palisade as a base of fire and rally point in the field. The
cavalry is effective for mobile operations mainly in attack but cannot form a
defensive position very well without dismounting. But the infantry would be
very vulnerable to enemy cavalry if left out in the open.
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This map depicts the Russian
fortified frontier lines and the Tatar raids of the 1630's.
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This map depicts the fortified
Russian frontier lines and the Tatar raids of 1643-47.
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This map from Beskrovni's Atlas
of Russian military history shows in blue the typical attack routes from
Crimea. The Nogai Tatars had other routes nearer the Volga. It shows in solid
red the first defensive lines as of 1571 and in dotted red some of the later
lines up to the reign of Boris Gudunov. More extensive and elaborate defensive
lines were built further south during the first half of the 17th century.
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This diagramatic map depicts
Stephan Bathory's unsuccessful siege of Pskov during the Livonian War.
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The Battle at the Kalka River
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"Russo-Turkish Wars" by
John Henry Verrinder Crowe, 11th edition Encyclopedia Britannica, vol
23, ppg 931-936
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Russo-Japanese War - 11th
edition, Encyclopedia Britannica, vol 23, pgs 919-930
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