| |
CHRONOLOGY 10th CENTURY RUS - RUSSIA
MICHA JELISAVCIC
JOHN SLOAN
|
|
|
10th century
|
Chersonesus still most important
center in Tavrida, controls region extending along coast to Sudak and Gothia
klimata.
|
|
|
901-907 AD
|
Emperor Leo the Wise has list of
Archbishops - Chersonesus, Bospor, Gothia, Sugdaia, Phullae.
|
|
|
902 AD
|
Varangian Rus mentioned serving
in Byzantine naval expedition to Crete. Rus also serve Khazars and mercenaries.
|
|
| |
903 AD
|
Chronicle dates marriage of Igor
and Olga, Scandanavian princess from Pskov. First mention of Pskov, but village
existed there before.
|
|
| |
906 AD
|
Kingdom of Moravia disolved in
defeat by Hungarians
|
|
|
904-7 AD
|
Chronicle reports Oleg campaign
from Kyiv against Byzantium -draws troops from as far as Chud tribes - result
new peace treaty, but this is not in Byzantine sources .
|
|
| |
909 AD
|
With Varyag allies the Rus
druzhina captures Khazar fort Abezgun on the Caspian.
|
|
| |
911 AD
|
Peryeyaslavl founded south of
Kyiv
|
|
|
911-2 AD
|
Second Treaty between Oleg,
(Kyiv Rus) and Byzantium. Text included in Russian chronicle.
|
|
|
912-13 AD
|
Alexander II, Byzantine emperor.
|
|
|
912-45 AD
|
Igor, Prince of Kyiv.
|
|
|
912-3 -59 AD
|
Constantine VII,
Porphyrogenitus, Byzantine emperor - same list of Archbishops.
|
|
|
913 AD
|
Prince Igor campaign via Crimea
and Tmutorakhan to Caspian.
|
|
|
914 AD
|
Prince Igor campaign across
Caucasus, victorious Rus troops ambushed by Khazars on return trip.
|
|
|
915 AD
|
Pecheneg appear before Kyiv for
first time in force. Prince Igor signs peace treaty with them establishing a
frontier between the Don and Dniester.
|
|
|
920 AD
|
War between Pecheneg and Igor of
Kyiv.
|
|
| |
920-29 AD
|
St Wenceslas, duke of Premysl in
Moravia- Bohemia.
|
|
|
920-44 AD
|
Romanus I, alternate Byzantine
emperor.
|
|
|
922 AD
|
Ibn-Fadlan, embassy from Arabs
to Volga Bolgar, Bolgars want alliance with Abbasids against Khazars.
|
|
| |
929 -67 AD
|
Wenceslas killed, Boleslav I
conducts was with Germans, Slovaks, Moravians and Poles.
|
|
| |
942 AD
|
Bulgarians (Symeon) attacks
Croats and is defeated. His son, Peter, becomes ruler of Bulgarians.
|
|
|
935-41 AD
|
Igor (Ingvar) unsuccessful
Kyivan Rus naval campaign against Byzantium, defeated by naval use of
"Greek fire". Possibly instigated by Khazars.
|
|
| |
937 AD
|
Uglich founded
|
|
|
943 AD
|
Kyivan Rus campaign of Igor
Rurikovich against Khazars via Sudak and Tmutorakhan across Caucasus, initially
successful, but later defeated.
|
|
|
944-45 AD
|
Chronicle notes - Igor campaign
to Danube, he first signs alliance with Pecheneg, threatens war against
Byzantium. Subsequent treaty with Byzantine empire includes conditions on
Crimea prohibits Rus attack on Chersonesus -Rus want Byzantine silk, Rus trade
with Pecheneg important. Treaty lists many Scandinavian names in delegation.
But campaign may be myth.
|
|
|
945-64 AD
|
Igor's Varangian druzhina
demands campaigns to collect booty. He leads them against Derevlaians. After
Igor killed by Derevlians at Iskorosten, his widow, (Helga) Olga, Regent ruler
of Kyiv for son, Svyatoslav. She captures Iskorosten and collects tribute. Her
capital is at Vyshgorod. Pecheneg control Dniper rapids.
|
|
|
945 AD
|
Control of Crimea disputed
between Svyatoslav and Khazars - Prince Svyatoslav attacks Chersonesus.
|
|
| |
946 AD
|
Renewal of peace treaty between
Rus and Byzantine Empire.
|
|
| |
947 AD
|
Olga establishes trading posts
and collects tribute as far as Novgorod and Msta and Luga rivers.
|
|
|
950 AD
|
Constantine Porphyrogenitus
writes that Patzinaks occupy Russia and Crimea - Patzinaks replace Khazars in
north Crimea steppe, Byzantines regain power over Goths at Doros (Mangup-kale).
|
|
| |
954-57 AD
|
(Chronicle dates this trip to
948-55- Byzantine record is 957) Olga visits Byzantium, converts to
Christianity.
|
|
|
954 AD
|
Rus troops in Byzantine army in
Syria which lost battle of Hadath.
|
|
| |
955 AD
|
Otto I, Saxon King of Germany
defeats Hungarians, opening vacuum into Balkans.
|
|
| |
956-64 AD
|
Svyatoslav beginning to conduct
military operations. He travels to Oka River to learn about Vyatichians.
|
|
| |
959 AD
|
Olga contacts King Otto I, asks
for German bishops. Bishop sent in 962.
|
|
|
959-63 AD
|
Romanus II, Byzantine emperor.
|
|
| |
960-92 AD
|
Mieszko I Piast, first ruler of
Poland, becomes Christian in 966.
|
|
| |
960-61 AD
|
Byzantine war in Syria leaves
Crimea vulnerable.
|
|
|
962 AD
|
Khazars attack Mangup in attempt
to control Goths and Alans. (Do Goths from Mangup send to Svyatoslav seeking
aid?)
|
|
|
963-69 AD
|
Nicephorus II, Byzantine
emperor.
|
|
|
964-72 AD
|
Svyatoslav I - prince of Kyiv.
|
|
|
965 AD (960?)
|
Byzantine governor (strategos)
of Chersonesus asks Svyatoslav for aid against Khazars - Svyatoslav campaign to
Don - enroute he attacks Volga Bolgars - He raids Belya Vesh, Itil and Sarkel
and Tmutorakhan, captures Chersonesus also. He possibly signed agreement with
Pecheneg before crossing their territory. He allies with Ozhuz (Torks) for
campaign. One purpose is to gain tribute from Viatchi on Oka by removing their
Khazar overlords. He also conquers Yasians and Kasogians in Taman-Kuban area.
|
|
|
966-67 AD
|
Svyatoslav campaign into
Bulgaria to Danube taking 80 towns. - First peace treaty signed at Preslav on
Danube
|
|
|
967 AD
|
Nicephorus campaign against
Bulgars
|
|
|
967-8 AD
|
Byzantines arrange for Pecheneg
to attack Kyiv to open campaign behind Svyatoslav. He rushes back and Pecheneg
retire.
|
|
| |
967-99 AD
|
Boleslav II of Bohemia continues
war with Germany and Poland.
|
|
|
968 AD
|
Svyatoslav campaign against
Volga Bolgars and Khazars.
|
|
|
969 AD
|
Second Bulgar war, Pecheneg
besiege Kyiv. Svyatoslav hurries to defend city.
|
|
| |
969-76 AD
|
John Tzimiskes Byzantine
Emperor..
|
|
|
969-76 AD
|
Archbishops - Chersonesus,
Gothia, Sugdaia, Bospor, Phullae.
|
|
| |
970's AD
|
Polotsk now important trade and
transship point with Scandinavian lord, Gnezdovo also becoming important.
Baltic trade shifting more from Volga - Central Asia to Dneper - Byzantium.
|
|
| |
970 AD
|
Svyatoslav appoints his sons as
governors - Yaropolk in Kyiv and Oleg in Dereva. Novgorodians ask for governor
so he sends young Vladimir and Vladimir's uncle Dobrynya.
|
|
|
970 AD
|
Pecheneg and Hungarians
participate initially on Svyatoslav's side in campaign against Byzantium. He
burns Philippopolus - Peace treaty Rus and Byzantium. also treaty Rus and
Bulgars (Tsar Boris II and Prince Svyatoslav).
|
|
|
971 AD
|
Svyatoslav renews war and loses
battle (siege) at Dorostol (Arcadiopolis) against Byzantine John Tzimisces, he
is forced to sign treaty with them. Byzantine fleet on Danube and cavalry
overland. Svyatoslav starts return trip, forced to delay by Pecheneg control of
Dniper.
|
|
|
972 AD
|
Svyatoslav is ambushed and
killed by Pecheneg warriors at Dniper rapids. They were likely incited to do
this by Byzantines.
|
|
|
976-78 AD
|
Yaropolk I Svyatoslavich, prince
of Kyiv, attacks brother, Oleg, at Ovruch. Oleg dies during siege. Vladimir
flees Novgorod for Scandinavia to recruit Varangian troops.
|
|
|
972 AD
|
Rus- Byzantine peace treaty, Rus
pledge not to attack Chersonesus.
|
|
| |
970's? AD
|
Rogvald, Norse Prince sets up
rule at Polotsk, Tur, sets up near Pripet river (Turov).
|
|
| |
976 - 1025
|
Basil II, Byzantine Emperor.
|
|
|
976 AD
|
Yaropolk Svyatoslavich war
against Pecheneg ends with big victory for Rus.
|
|
|
977 or 79 AD?
|
Yaropolk brings Pecheneg prince
Ildeu into service?
|
|
|
978 - 1015 AD
|
Vladimir I Svyatoslavich, Prince
of Kyiv, he brings 6000 Varangian Norse with him, regains Novgorod, then
besieges Rogvald and takes Polotsk, kills Rogvald and sons, marries Rogneda,
marches south taking towns to Kyiv. Yaropolk flees to Pechenegs.
|
|
|
978 AD
|
After killing Yaropolk, his
boyar, Baryazhko, flees to Pecheneg; war follows and then conclusion of a final
peace treaty. Vladimir assigns his uncle Dobrynia to Novgorod.
|
|
| |
980 AD
|
Turov founded
|
|
|
981 AD
|
Bulgars Samuel II, defeat
Byzantine army (Basil II), Empire now too weak to defend Chersonesus and Crimea
from Khazars
|
|
| |
981 AD
|
Vladimir I campaign againt
Lyashski land and Cherven and Peremishl Karpatski to control routes to Prague
and Cracow, also subdues Viatichi (983) Radimichi (984) and Yatviagians (a
Prussian tribe called Sudauer or Sudovians) (984).
|
|
| |
981-85 AD
|
Vladimir I campaigns into Khazar
Khaganate.
|
|
|
984 AD
|
Treaty between Kyiv and Volga
Bolgar.
|
|
| |
985 AD
|
Vladimir's first campaign against
Volga Bolgars with Dobrynia's druzhina from Novgorod. Then new peace
treaty.
|
|
|
987-8 AD
|
Vladimir assists Byzantine
emperor Basil II with 6000 troops in civil war against Bardas Skleros and
Bardas Phocas - beginning of Varangian Guard.
|
|
| |
988 AD
|
Vladimir in Volinia founded.
|
|
|
988 AD ?
|
Pecheneg prince Metiga enteres
Kyivan service of Vladimir.
|
|
|
988-9 AD
|
Prince Vladimir captures
Chersonesus, is baptized, marries Byzantine princess Anna and returns city to
Byzantium - He sends his son, Mstislav to rule Tmutorokan on Taman Penn.
|
|
|
989 AD
|
Varangian troops win battle of
Abydos on 13 April for Basil II.
|
|
| |
989 AD
|
Peace treaty between Rus and
Stefan I of Hungary as part of general treaty with Polish King.
|
|
|
989 AD
|
Beginning of another intermitant
Kyivan- Pecheneg war. Kyivans build frontier defenses and fortified frontier
towns. Fortify Belgorod and Periaslavl and 100 forts and towns, inner set of
forts around Kyiv.
|
|
| |
991 AD
|
Vladimir I campaign against white
Khorvat tribe. He founds Belgorod and resettles population to south.
|
|
|
992 or 93 AD
|
Pecheneg campaign against Rus,
battle on the Trubezh river near Peryeyaslavl. Russian victory by Vladimir I
and then three year truce with Pecheneg. In thanksgiving Vladimir founds
Peryeyaslavl.
|
|
| |
992-1025 AD
|
Boleslav I, The Brave, Organizes
Polish government, comquers Pomerania, Silesia, Moravia, Cracow.
|
|
|
994-6 AD
|
About 6 August, Pecheneg,
seeking revenge, attack on Vasilevo town near Kyiv and almost capture Vladimir
while defeating his druzhina.
|
|
|
997 AD
|
Chronicle reports about war with
Pecheneg who capture some fortified posts and besiege Kyiv. Vladimir campaigns
to Novgorod. Second Vladimir campaign against Volga Bolgars. Pecheneg besiege
Belgorod. Vladimir begins construction of the extensive "zemiv val"
earthen and log palisade fortification lines across steppe routes along the
Sula, and Trubyzh rivers and Irpen river and Stugna river right bank Dniper.
Vladimir resettling people from north into region south of Kyiv, 500 kms of
ramparts. Major fort at Voin.
|
|
| |
998 AD
|
Peace treaty between Vladimir I
and Stefan I Ugorski, Boleslav I Khrabri great Poland, and Boleslav II
Bogemski.
|
|
|
999 AD
|
Varangian troops in Byzantine
army capture Emesa in Syria.
|
|
| |
999 AD
|
Boleslav the Brave of Poland
conqueres Silesia, Moravia and Cracow for from Bohemia.
|
|
| |
|
|
