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CHRONOLOGY 12th CENTURY RUSSIA
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MICHA JELISAVCIC
JOHN SLOAN
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1100 AD
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Norsemen from Norway on crusade
return via Constantinople and Russia
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1100 AD
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Vladimirovichi cousins,
Svyatopolk, Vladimir, and Oleg meet at Vitichev, Zolotsha River to settle
family arrangements and offer Polovtsi peace.
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1101 AD
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Polovtsi finally send their
ambassadors to the Rus princes, offering gold. Then they traveled to the depth
of Rus lands to Sakov, northwest of Peryeyaslavl.
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1102 AD
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Peace treaty between Rus and
Polovtsi at Sakov. Novgorod is ruled by Vladimir's son, Mstislav.
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1102-1138 AD
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Boleslav III, King of Poland
defeats Pomeranians, Battle of Naklo in 1109. Svyatopolk's daughter, Sbislava,
marries Boleslav.
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1102-3 AD
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King Eric I of Denmark visits
Constantinople on Crusade, dies in Cyprus.
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1103 AD
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Svyatopolk II and Vladimir
Monomakh decide on new offensive, but Oleg
Svyatoslavich pleads illness to avoid going against his allies.
David Svyatoslavich does participate. Others are
David Vsyeslavich, Vyacheslav
Yaropolchich, and Yaropolk II Vladimirovich. In
April the Rus launch offensive against Polovtsi at the Samar River. They
campaign clear to Don and Donets rivers, wining big victories, freeing
prisoners and taking their own. They rebuild Yur'yev and strengthen the
southern border.
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1104 AD
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Svyatopolk's daughter, Predslava,
marries Prince Ladislav of Hungary
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1104-34 AD
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Nicholas King of Denmark
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1105
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Polovtsi Khan Boinak raids Rus
lands.
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1105-10 AD
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Georgian Tsar, David IV,
strengthening his personal power versus his feudal vassals.
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1106 AD
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Another Rus offensive campaign
against the Polovtsi near the Khorol river.
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1107 AD
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Volga Bolgars besiege Suzdal.
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1107 AD
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Battle on Sula river Russians
defeat Polovtsi led by Khan Sharokan, grandfather of Konchak.
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1108 AD
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Vladimir Monomakh founds Vladimir
on Klyazma frontier fortress and appoints his son, Yuri (Dologruki), as prince
of Suzdal.
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1108 AD
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Sigordr, King of Norway, on
crusade around Spain and Med returns via Cyprus and Constantinople and overland
through Russia, leaves ships and Varangians with Alexis in Byzantium.
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1109-10 AD
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Svyatopolk II, Vladimir Monomakh
and David Svyatoslavich again campaign deep into steppe.
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1110 AD
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The Polovtsi conduct counter
attack against the Pereyaslavl principality.
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1111 AD
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United Rus forces under command
of Svyatopolk II Izyaslavich attack Polovtsi. - Battle on River Sol'nitsa
between Rus and Polovtsi .
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1111-25 AD
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Vladislav I, King of Bohemia.
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1113-25 AD
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Vladimir II, Vsyevolodovich, Monomakh, Prince of Kyiv,
after death of Svyatopolk II, when town people send for him. The dynasty family
is expanding rapidly, making it more contentious and difficult to find suitable
towns for each member. North-east Oka-Volga region and far west Galicia,
Volynia region being taken. Vladimir controls Kyiv, Novgorod, Periaslavl,
Smolensk, Rostov and Suzdal. He takes Turov and Vladimir-in-Volynia. Kyiv is
still the hub.
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1115 AD
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Death of Oleg Svyatoslavich,
ruler of Chernigiv and Tmutorokan.
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1116 AD
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Part of Torks enter Kyivan
service under pressure on steppe from Polovtsi. Vladimir Monomakh sends 2 sons
and son of Oleg Svyatoslavich to marry Polovtsi princesses.
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1118 AD
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Vladimir Monomakh pushes
Yaroslav Svyatopolchich out of Volynia.
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1118 AD
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This year or before Georgian
Tsar David IV marries Guranadukh, daughter of Polovtsi (Kypchak) leader, Otrak.
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1118-43 AD
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John II, Komnenus Byzantine
emperor
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1118-25 AD
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Otrak brings 1500 to 5000
Polovtsi warriors to support David IV in war against Seljuk Turks, Georgian
victories dependent on Polovtsi troops who are paid by plunder and prisoners
taken.
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1119 AD
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Vladimir Monomakh pushes Gleb Vseslavich out of Minsk. Gleb dies this year.
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1120 AD
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Yurii
Dolgoruki campaign against Volga Bolgar
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1121 AD
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Torks disappear from Rus lands.
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1122 AD
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Byzantine emperor John II uses
Varangian guard to crush Pecheneg in Battle of Beroe.
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1124 AD
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Volodar and Vasil'ko Rostislavich
both die.
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1125-32 AD
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Mstislav I Vladimirovich, Prince of Kyiv. There are
now four main branches of dynasty - Monomakhovichi sons Yuri and sons based in
north-east (Suzdal, Rostov, Vladimir, and they hold Periaslavl; Monomakhovichi
grandson Izyaslav Mstislavich and his sons based at
Vladimir in Volynia, Rostaslav Mstislavich and
sons at Smolensk (Rostoslavichi), which is now important princedom; Oleg and David Svyatoslavich
heirs (Ol'govichi) at Chernigiv held since 1054 when given to Oleg, David and
Yaroslav Svyatoslavichi - David held Chernigiv (until he died in 1123), Oleg
Novgorod-Severski and Yaroslav Ryazan and Murom. And there are the
Svyatopolk Izyaslavich heirs at Turov and Pinsk.
Novgorod has no hereditary prince, accepts one according to regional and
internal power politics. But Polotsk was not held by descendents of Yaroslav I.
It was held by descendents of Vladimir I through his first son, Izyaslav, who
ruled there with his mother, Rogneda. Izyaslav's son, Bryacheslav (1001-44) was
followed by Vseslav (1044-1101). Then Vseslav's sons
split the land between Polotsk, Minsk, Vitebsk, and other towns.
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1125-40 AD
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Soveslav I, King of Bohemia.
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1126 -67 AD
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Almost yearly Polovtsi attacks on
Rus lands. They interveen in support of Oleg Svyatoslavich's heirs at Chernigiv
15 times.
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1126 AD
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Polovtsi attack against Baruch.
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1129 AD
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Murom and Ryazan remain in the
Yaroslav Svyatoslavich family, but at end of
century they are split with Yuri Vladimirovich getting
Murom and Gleb Rostislavich getting Ryazan. The
division weakens them versus the princes of Suzdal.
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1130 AD
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Mstislav Vladimirovich pushes Vseslavichi out of
Polotsk temporarily. Mstislav and his sons control Kyiv in center and promote
regional development building regional towns as expanded places for more
princes. But there is no central government or control, each prince is
potentially independent according to his military power. Each area is called a
'land'. They hang together because the military capacity of each town is
insufficient by itself against foreigners. All contenders for Kyivan throne
have patrimonial land elsewhere.
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1132 AD
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Mstislav dies and is succeeded by
his brother, Yaropolk II Vladimirovich. Two other
brothers live, Vyacheslav in Smolensk and Turov;
and Yuri Dolgoruki in Suzdal.
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1132-39 AD
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Yaropolk II, Vladimirovich,
Prince of Kyiv.
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1134-7 AD
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Eric II King of Denmark.
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1134 AD
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Novgorodian campaign against
Rostov - Yuri Dolgoruki active along upper Volga expanding realm and fortifying
strategic locations at confluence of rivers. He is trying to control access
from Novgorod to Volga.
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1135 AD
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Volok-Laminsk and Torzhok
founded.
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1136 AD
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Vsyevolod
II Ol'govich of Chernigiv defeated Yaropolk II
Vladimirovich. Novgorod leaders ask Vsyevolod
Ol'govich to send them his brother in place of his nephew, prince of Kyiv.
Svyatoslav Ol'govich involved in rebellion in Novgorod and Pskov against
Vsevolod. - The events of this year in Novgorod are considered by historians to
be a dramatic turn of political power and evidence of Novgorodian veche or
boyar local exercise of power. Actually there were boyars both for and against
Vsyevolod.
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1137-46 AD
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Eric III King of Denmark.
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1137 AD
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Svyatoslav issues laws on peasants and tithes for
church, internal political struggle continues in Novgorod.
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1138 AD
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When Vsyevolod Ol'govich turns
out to be weak at Kyiv, Novgorod leaders ask Yuri Vladimirovich of Suzdal for
his son as prince instead of Vsyevolod's brother. Svyatoslav is expelled. The
struggle for Kyiv continues and is reflected also at Novgorod.
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1138-46 AD
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Vladislav II, King of Poland.
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1139 AD
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First mention of Torshok in
chronicles.
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1139 AD
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Yaropolk II Vladimirovich dies and Kyiv is occupied
for few weeks by his brother, Vyacheslav
Vladimirovich of Turov as prince, but he lacks power base (Turov being weak
position), so he then gives the city to Vsyevolod Ol'govich of Chernigiv.
Novgorod decides not to support Yuri Vladimirovich's effort against him and to
ask for Vsyevolod's brother back. This is a reflection on their assessement
that Vsyevolod is powerful.
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1139-46 AD
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Vsyevolod II Ol'govich, of Chernigiv, Prince of Kyiv.
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1140 AD
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Vladimirko Volodarevich prince at Galich.
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1140-73 AD
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Vladislav II, King of Bohemia.
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1143-80
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Manuel I Byzantine Emperor.
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1144 AD
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Vsyevolod II Ol'govich of Kyiv
campaigns against Galich.
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1145 AD
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Vsyevolod II Ol'govich nominates
his brother, Igor, as ruler before dying in 1146.
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1146 AD
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Izyaslav Mstislavich comes to Kyiv with army and
captures Igor, sends him to prison and then Igor is made a monk. Igor killed by
mob in 1147.
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1146 AD
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Bryansk, Kozel'sk, and Putivl
founded
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1146-54 AD
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Sweyn III, King of Denmark.
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1146-52, 1154-7 AD
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Canute V, King of Denmark.
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1146-73 AD
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Boleslav IV, King of Poland,
loses territory to Henry the Lion and Albert the Bear.
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1146-54 AD
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Izyaslav II Mstislavich, Prince of Kyiv. He faces two
uncles, Yuri Vladimirovich Dolgoruki and
Vyacheslav Vladimirovich.
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1147 AD
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First mention of Moscow in
chronicles - Vologda also mentioned from this year. Yuri Dolgoruki begins war
with Novgorod and siezes Torshok and lands along Mste. By this time
Suzdal-Rostov controls Volga up to mouth of Tvertsi.
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1147 AD
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Pope Eugenius III promotes the
Second Crusade to restore Christian control in Palestine. The main army marches
through Hungary and into Asia Minor. But the northern peoples don't want to go
to Palestine. So the Pope authorizes a crusade to convert the pagans in the
Baltic region. He also authorizes King Alfonso VII to conduct crusade against
the Muslims in Spain.
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1147 AD
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Responding to the Pope and to
Bernard of Clairvaux, the Poles, Saxons and Danes launch sometime coordinated
and sometime antagonistic campaigns against the Slavs, Balts and Fino-Ugric
peoples on the Baltic litoral. The first target is the Abotrites who lived
around Mecklenburg. The Margrave of Brandenburg tries to take Stettin. Two
Danish fleets and two Saxon armies attack Aborites - Canute V and Sweryn III
cooperate with Archbishop Adalbert of Bremen and Duke Henry the Lion of Saxony
against Prince Nyklot's fortress at Dobin. The other Saxon army led by
Margraves Conrad and Albert the Bear and the legate Anselm of Magdeburg plus
many bishops into Luitizian fortress at Demmin. They are disappointed to find
that Stettin is already Christian. Nyklot defends well. The Rugians attack the
Danish fleet at sea. Meanwhile the Poles attack the Prussians. The
"northern crusade' is off to a rather inauspicious start.
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1148-57 AD
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Henry the Lion and Adolph of
Holstein maintain reasonably friendly relations with Princes Nyklot of Aborites
and Ratibor of Pomerania.
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1149 AD
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Yuri I, Vladimirovich,
Dologoruki sacks Kyiv and holds it for a year; and again Sept 1150 to March
1151. He establishes princedom at Rostov-Suzdal.
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1149 AD
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Vladimirko Volodarevich, prince of Galicia, is more
powerful from friendship with Yuri I Vladimirovich at Suzdal. He campaigns
against Kyiv in support of Yuri.
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1149 AD
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Kyivan-Smolensk forces campaign
against Suzdal, they succeed to taking towns along Volga including Dubna,
Shosha, Tver and Yaroslavl. Rostov-Suzdal princes have to defend against both
Novgorod and Bulgars. They build more frontier fortresses.
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1149 AD
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Byzantine Varangians attack
Roger of Sicily at Thebes in Greece, where Roger has been campaigning since
1147.
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1150 - 1200 AD
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There are 30 changes of prince at
Kyiv involving 11 princes with total reigns averaging 5 years..
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1150 AD
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Isyaslav Mstislavich calls
Viacheslav Vladimirovich "father' to get him
to fight Yuri Dolgoruki. Makes Viacheslav figurehead ruler of Kyiv again to
satisfy family dynasty perceptions.
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1151-57 AD
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Yurii I Yladimirovich
Dolgorukii, Prince of Rostov-Suzdal from 1125, grand prince of Vladimir from
1151.
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1152 AD
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Peryeyaslavl Zaleski founded by
Yuri I, who moved a village to new location.
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1153-87 AD
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Yaroslav Vladimirovich Osmomysl rules Galich.
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1154 AD
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Dmitrov founded.
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1154 AD
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Polovtsi attack against
Peryeyaslavl.
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1154 AD
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Isyaslav Mstislavich dies, his
brother, Rostislav Mstislavich, prince of
Smolensk, rules Kyiv with Viacheslav, who dies that year. Yuri Dolgoruki takes
Kyiv again, unopposed in 1155. He throws Rostislav out temporarily.
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1154-67 AD
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Rostislav Mstislavich, ruler of
Smolensk, returns to be prince of Kyiv.
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1156 AD
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First construction of wooden
walls and rampart around Moscow.
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1156-84 AD
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Georgi III, Tsar of Georgia.
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1157-82 AD
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Valdemar I, King of Denmark.
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1157-74 AD
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Yuri dies in 1157, his son,
Andrei Yur'yevich Bogolyubski, prince at Suzdal, he
continues war to control upper Volga River.
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1158 AD
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Henry the Lion of Saxony attacks
Nyklot (prince of Abotrites).
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1158 AD
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First German merchants-
missionaries arrive at mouth of West Dvina in Livonia.
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1159 AD
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Danish King Valdemar I attacks
Rugian island - not conquered until 1168.
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1160 AD
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Joint Danish-Saxon campaign along
Baltic coast. Prince Nyklot dies in battle. His son, Pribislav, leads Aborites
and defeats Saxons at Verchen.
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1160-64 AD
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Andrei
I Yur'yevich Bogolyubski campaigns against Volga Bolgar, captures capital on
Kama River.
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1162 AD
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Birth of Temujin in Mongolia.
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1164 AD
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Veliki Luki founded.
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1164 AD
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Abotrites revolt and are
subjugated by Saxons and Danes.
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1164 AD
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Andrei I Yur'yevich founds
Gorokhovets on Klyazma as outpost against Bolgars.
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1165 AD
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Genoese begin effort to push
Venice out of Black Sea, buy Russian swords and Polovtsi slaves at Sudak
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1166 AD
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Andrei I Bogolyubski conquers
Kyiv.
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1167 AD
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Polovtsi attack against
Peryeyaslavl.
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1167 AD
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Oleg
Svyatoslavich, prince of Novgorod-Severski and then of Chernigiv, wins victory
over Khan Bonyak.
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1168 AD
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Chernigiv prince helps Kyivans -
Rus troops led by Ol'govichi defeat troops of Khan Kozi and Khan Begluk.
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1169 AD
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First Byzantine treaty with
Genoa - Genoese free trade in Black Sea except Rus and Matrakha (Azov region).
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1169 AD
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Last mention of Pecheneg in
Russian chronicles. Kyivans have nomad horsemen settled along frontier as
guards, some are Chernye Klobuki, "Black caps" from 12th century
Karakalpak.
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1169-74 AD
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Andrei
I Yur'yevich Bogolyubski, Grand Prince of Rostov -Susdal, Vladimir. His
army led by son Mstislav sacks Kyiv in 1169, then
invites Gleb Yur'yevich of Periaslavl, Mstislav's
uncle, and grandson of Vladimir Monomakh, to be prince of Kyiv.
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1170 AD
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Russians led by Mstislav II,
Izyaslavich, campaign against Polovtsi, at Snoporog and Orel.
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1170 AD
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Siege of Novgorod - 1170 -
Suzdalites are defeated by the Novgorodians on 25 February. The victory is
ascribed to the blinding light emanating from the icon of the Virgin Mary
carried out of the Savior on Ilin street by the posadnik Yakun. A darkness fell
on the field, as the icon was turned towards the city, a bright light shown
which blinded the warriors as the skies rained arrows. The Novgorodians met no
resistance from the Suzdalites who surrendered peacefully.
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1171 AD
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Gleb Yur'yevich dies, Andrei
Bogolyubski orders who will rule Kyiv.
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1171 AD
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Pope Alexander III issues another
Bull authorizing crusade in Baltic region.
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1171 AD
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Venice war against Byzantine
empire and Genoa over trade, Venice soundly defeated
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1172 AD
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West Slav fleet defeated off
Danish coast, last Slavic naval raid.
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1172 AD
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Polovtsi attack Korsun and
Pesochen simultaneously and then Kyiv.
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1172 AD
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Russian campaign of princes of
Rostov and Murom against Volga Bolgar and Mordvi.
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1172-1199 AD
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Takash, Shah of Khwarezm, expands
empire into Persia but is held off in Khorasan by Ghor
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1173-77 AD
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Mieszko III, King of Poland.
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1173-1203 AD
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Ghiyas-ud-Din, ruler of Ghor,
unites all Afghanistan region.
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1173-97 AD
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Internal struggle in Bohemia, 10
kings
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1172-3 AD
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Rurik
and Mstislav Rostislavichi rebel and offer Kyiv to
Yaroslav Izyaslavich of Vladimir in Volynia
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1173 AD
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Ol'ga, daughter of Yuri
Dolgoruki, departs Galich with her son to Poland. She was incensed that her
husband, Yaroslav Vladimirovich Osmomysl had engaged
a mistress, Nataslya. This had serious effects in both Galicia and Hungary.
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1174-76 AD
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Mikhail II
(Mikhalko) Yur'yevich, Grand Prince of Vladimir after Andri is murdered by
some boyars. Succession struggle between Andrei's two nephews and his brother,
Mikhalko.
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1174 AD
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Polovtsi attack Baruch - Rus
offensive campaign goes to Orel and Samara - Novgorod merchant traders on Volga
to Kama River meet Bolgars
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1176-96 AD
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Canute Eriksson, King of Sweden.
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1176-80, 1181-94 AD
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Vsyevolod II Ol'govich's son,
SviatoslavIII Vsyevolodovich rules in Kyiv.
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1176-1212 AD
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Vsevelod
III Yur'yevich, Bol'shoye Gnyezdo, Grand Prince of Suzdal - Vladimir after
Mikhalko dies. Vsyevolod is first to title himself 'grand' prince. He founds
Kostroma, Nerekhta, Sol'Velikogo on Volga and Unzha on river of that name. He
expands territory against Novgorod north to Pechora and Northern Dvina, founds
Ustyug in 1178.
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1177 AD
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Voronezh founded.
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1177 AD
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Battle of Yur'yev Field near the
Khze River. Vsyevolod, brother of Mikhailko, battles Mstislav Rostislavich for
the throne of Vladimir. The Rostovites placed their allegiance with Mstislav
and the Vladimirites and inhabitants of Pereyaslavl-Zalesskii stood behind
Vsevolod. Talks fail Vsyevolod wins and Mstislav flees to Novgorod. Suzdal did
not take part in this war. Rostovites sought to regain past lost preeminence.
They payed dearly for their self-confidence. The battle on Yur'iev field took
place near "Lipets'". Vsevolod, having "beaten the regiment ,
returned to Vladimir where he was proclaimed a hero by the Vladimirites, his
Druzhina led the prisoners in irons thru the city, and herded the cattle
and horses taken as spoils. The participation of Rostovite and Suzdalite
warriors, strengthened the Vladimir community as the dominant one.
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1177-8 AD
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War between
Gleb Rostislavich of Ryazan and
Vsyevolod III of Suzdal. Battle of Prus' on
Koloksha River in which Vsyevolod defeats the army of the Ryazan princes.
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1177 AD
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Henry the Lion and King Valdemar
I conduct joint campaign against west Slavs.
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1177-94 AD
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Casimir II, King of Poland
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1180-83 AD
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Alexius II, Byzantine emperor
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1180 AD
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Kyivan prince Svyatoslav III organizes major campaign to Volga
against Vsyevolod in alliance with his son, Novgorod prince Vladimir, but he
retreats without doing battle. Result is that influence of Vladimir-Suzdal
expands further than ever westward to mouth of Vazuzi. Vladimir collects
tribute from Torshok and Volok Lamsk. Ryazan forced to aid Suzdal against
Chernigiv.
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1180 AD
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Igor
Svyatoslavich of Novgorod-Seversk and Konchak, ruler of Polovtsi, defeated at
battle of Dolobsk by sons of Rostislav I, Rurik of
Belgorod (Kyiv) and David of Smolensk.
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1180-1190 AD
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Temujin unites local tribes and
groups in Mongolia.
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1181 AD
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Fall of Henry the Lion, his Saxon
duchy split.
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1182-1202 AD
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Canute VI, King of Denmark.
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1183 AD
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Vsyevolod III Yur'yevich
campaign against Volga Bolgar, sinks their ships.
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1183 AD
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Polovtsi attack Dmitrov Kyivski
- Svyatoslav III, prince of Kyiv, and
Rurik Rostislavich, rout Polovtsi at battle of Orel
river. Khan Konchak defeated during Rus offensive at Khorol.
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1183-85 AD
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Andronicus I, Byzantine emperor.
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1184 AD
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Liutizian-Pomeranian fleet
destroyed at Greifwalden Bodden.
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1184 AD
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Polovtsi Khan Konchak attacks
Pereyaslavl - Khan Gzi attacks Posyemi.
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1184 AD
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Grand Prince of Vladimir-Suzdal,
Vsyevolod III Yur'yevich and allies campaign against Bolgars who attack
Gorodetz-na-Oka , Murom, Ryazan.
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1185 AD
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Prince Bogislav counterattacks
Danes and looses, surrenders all the Pomeranian coast to Canute VI.
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1185 AD
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Polovtsi attack Peryeyaslavl and
Rimov. Svyatoslav III Vsyevolodovich defeats
Polovtsi on 21 April.
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1185 AD
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Prince Igor Svyatoslavich of Novgorod-Seversk in campaign
against Polovtsi, led by Khan Konchak, during which there was a solar eclipse
(May 1) celebrated in the famous "Song of Igor's Campaign." Igor is
captured. His son, Vladimir, marries Konchak's daughter. After defeating Igor,
Konchak failed in attack on Pereyaslavl.
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1185-95 AD
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Isaac II, Byzantine emperor.
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1186 AD
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Bishop Meingard - archbishop of
Bremen - builds wooden fortress at Ikskul near Riga. Catholic bishopric
established on lower Dvina.
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1186 AD
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Second campaign of Vsyevolod III
against Volga Bolgar.
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1187-89 AD
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Saladin wages Jihad against
Crusaders in Palestine.
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1187 AD
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First accounts of conflict
between Novgorod the Great and Swedes along coast and in Finland. Novgorod
troops use Est and Karelian allies to raid Gothland.
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1187 AD
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Khan Konchak attacks Porosi' and
Chernigiv lands simultaneously - Svyatoslav III
Vsyevolodovich defeats Polovtsi on Samara river.
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1187 AD
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Death of Yaroslav Osmomysl. Oleg
Yaroslavich is removed from his inheritance in Galich by his brother,
Vladimir Yaroslavich. Vladimir is unpopular with
the local boyars due to his immorality. He is removed and expelled by
Roman Mstislavich. Hungarian King Bela III supports
Vladimir and drives Roman out of Galich and brings Vladimir back.
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1188 AD
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Estonians raid Uppsala in Sweden.
First mission to the Livs.
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1189-92 AD
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Third Crusade.
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1189-99 AD
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Vladimir Yaroslavich rules
Galich.
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1190 AD
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Peace treaty between Grand Prince
Svyatoslav III Vsyevolodovich and
Rurik II Rostislavich on one side versus Polovtsi
Khans on the other at the Tyasmin River.
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1190 AD
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Battle of Galich. Vladimir, son
of Yaroslav Osmomysl the Wise of Galich, escapes from Hungarian King Bela,
whose son, Andrei had usurped the Galician throne. With the help of Polish
troops he regains his seat.
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1190? or 1192? AD
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Battle of Mozgav' River in the
struggle in Poland between the children of Casimir the Just and their uncle,
Meshka the Elder. Roman Mstislavich fights on the
losing side and is wounded, then taken to Vladimir Volynskii.
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1190-1206 AD
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Unification of Mongolia under
Temujin
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1191 AD
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Trade treaty between Novgorod the
Great and Hanse towns, Yaroslav Vladimirovich is the
appointed prince of Novgorod.
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1192 AD
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Renewed peace treaty between
Rurik Rostislavich and Khan Kuntuvdi
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1192 AD
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Emperor Isaac Angelus confirmed
Genoese trade privilege except Rosii and Matrakha
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1190's
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Empire of Trebizond becoming
independent of Byzantines - and gaining control of Crimea.
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1193 AD
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Mstislav Mstislavich Udaloi and Mstislav Romanovich hold Toropetz on Dniper.
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1194 AD
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Temujin campaigns against Tatars
in alliance with Chin.
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1194 AD
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Svyatoslav III Vsyevolodovich dies in Kyiv, the last
of the Ol'govichi there. He is followed by Rurik
Rostislavich.
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1194-1227 AD
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Leszek I, King of Poland, civil
war and anarchy.
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1195 AD
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Vsyevolod III demands that Rurik give him 5 towns.
Roman in Galicia then requests Yaroslav in Chernigiv, brother of Svyatoslav
Vsyevolodovich, to attack Kyiv.
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1195 AD
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Battle of Shamkhorsk. With an
avangard of Polovtsi the Georgian army prevails over the Artqabek Arran
Armenians.
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1195-1203 AD
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Alexius III, Byzantine emperor,
writes to King Sverre of Norway, Knud IV of Denmark and Knud Karlsson of Sweden
asking for more Varangians.
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1196 1208 AD
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Sverker II Karlsson, King of
Sweden
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1196 AD
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Yaroslav Vsyevolodovich of Chernigiv invades Smolensk
lands, battles occur in Smolensk, Polotsk, Kyiv, Chernigiv, Volynia and
Galicia. Rostoslavichi ally, Vsyevolod III and
Gleb Ingvaryevich of Ryazan are against Ol'govichi of
Chernigiv, princes of Polotsk and Roman of Volynia. Polovtsi hired to fight by
both sides. After peace there has been no change in positions.
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1196 AD
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First mention of Beshetskii
Verkh.
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1197 - 1199 AD
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Ryazan princes forced to support
Suzdal princes in campaigns first against Chernigiv and then against Polovtsi.
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1198 AD
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Pope Innocent III authorises the
Livonian crusade. Bishop Berthold is slain. German brethern of the Hospital in
Jerusalem raised to a military order of knighthood under the title as Order of
the Knights of the Hospital of St Mary of the Teutons in Jerusalem. Their
headquarters shifted to Marienburg in Prussia in 1309.
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1198 AD
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Emperor Alexius Angelus treaty
with Venice for free trade in empire, but list of locations does not include
Crimea (Lost by Byzantines?)
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1198-1230 AD
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Ottokar I, King of Bohemia, first
of Premyslid house.
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1199 AD
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Albert of Buxtehude appointed
Bishop of Livonia.
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1199 AD
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Yaroslav Ol'govichi dies.
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1199 AD
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Roman
Mstislavich, Prince of Vladimir in Volynia takes Galich also. He divorces
daughter of Rurik to marry Byzantine princess.
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1199 AD
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Vladimir Igoryevich is the appanage prince of Putivl
and son of Igor Svyatoslavich, the appanage prince of Novgorod-Seversk. His
mother is a daughter of Yaroslav Vladimirovich Osmomisl. Vladimir marries the
daughter (whose name is not known) of the Polovtsi Khan, Konchak. Mstislav
Mstislavich Udaloi is married (exact year unknown) to Maria, daughter of
Polovtsi Khan Kotyan. Their daughter is Rostislava-Fedosia, future wife of
Yaroslav II Vsyevolodovich, grand prince of Vladimir, and mother of Alexander
Nevski.
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1199 AD
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Vsyevolod III removes Yaroslav
Vladimirovich, his brother-in-law, from Novgorod and
replaces him with own 3-year old son, Svyatoslav, in 1200.
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1199 AD
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Second campaign by Rus princes
deep into Polovtsi territory led by Vsyevolod Yur'yevich.
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12th cent
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Kostroma and Tver were founded
during this century
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